Electric Field-Driven Dynamic Surface Topography of Pyrene-Linked Graphene Oxide Multilayer Film

Dynamically displaying the swiftly reconfigurable surface topography of micro- and nanostructures is critical in modulating their tribological responses for advanced biorobotic applications. As a potent dynamic display for generating a swift, scalable, and reconfigurable surface topography, we present a pyrene-linked graphene oxide (pyGO) multilayer film using a virtual cathode (VC) display, in which the negatively charged pyGO film was actuated by an electrostatic pressure localized on electron beam-induced VC patterns. The deformation of the pyGO film was experimentally confirmed by dynamically observing delamination from the SiN substrate, resulting in the formation of the dome-shape topography with a micro- and nanoscale deformation profile within 10 s. Additionally, the surface topography of the pyGO film was instantly reconfigured by controlling the position of the VC patterns and propagation of the film delamination. Furthermore, directional locomotion of a single microsphere was conducted using the dynamic surface topography. Our electric field-driven dynamic surface topography display should be an intelligent interface for physically rendering micro- and nanostructures with virtually functional textures.