Electrical properties of disordered films of van der Waals semiconductor WS ₂ on paper

One of the primary objectives in contemporary electronics is to develop sensors that are not only scalable and cost-effective but also environmentally sustainable. To achieve this goal, numerous experiments have focused on incorporating nanomaterial-based films, which utilize nanoparticles or van der Waals materials, on paper substrates. In this article, we present a novel fabrication technique for producing dry-abraded van der Waals films on paper, demonstrating outstanding electrical characteristics. We assess the quality and uniformity of these films by conducting a spatial resistivity characterization on a 5 × 5 cm² dry-abraded WS₂ film with an average thickness of 25 μm. Employing transfer length measurements with varying channel length-to-width ratios, we extract critical parameters, including sheet resistance and contact resistance. Notably, our findings reveal a resistivity approximately one order of magnitude lower than previous reports. The film's inherent disorder manifests as an asymmetric distribution of resistance values for specific geometries. We explore how this behavior can be effectively modeled through a random resistance network (RRN), which can reproduce the experimentally observed resistance distribution. Finally, we investigate the response of these devices under applied uniaxial strain and apply the RRN model to gain a deeper understanding of this process.