A Biomimetic Mn-Doped Polydopamine Nanoplatform for MRI-Enabled Synergistic Therapy to Enhance Lenvatinib Efficacy in Liver Cancer

Liver cancer remains a major global public health threat, with high mortality. Lenvatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has been used for the treatment of advanced liver cancer. However, its therapeutic efficacy is often limited by severe adverse effects and drug resistance. To overcome these challenge, we developed a biomimetic versatile nanoplatform based on Mn-doped polydopamine (PML@CM). Owing to their homologous tumor-targeting ability and pH-responsive drug release properties, PML@CM nanoparticles effectively improved the biocompatibility of lenvatinib and enhanced its tumor accumulation. Upon exposure to the tumor microenvironment, the released Mn 2+ not only triggered chemodynamic therapy through Fenton-like reactions but also enabled magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition, PML@CM nanoparticles exhibited an efficient photothermal conversion performance for tumor photothermal therapy. In conclusion, this nanoplatform provides a promising therapeutic strategy for MRI-enabled synergistic therapy against liver cancer.