g-C ₃ N ₄ nanosheet supported NiCo ₂ O ₄ nanoparticles for boosting degradation of tetracycline under visible light and ultrasonic irradiation

The doping of semiconductor materials through some facile and appropriate methods holds significant promise in enhancing the catalytic performance of catalysts. Herein, NiCo₂O₄/g-C₃N₄ composite catalysts were synthesized via a high-energy ball milling method. The microstructure and physicochemical characterization of the as-prepared composites confirmed the successful loading of NiCo₂O₄ nanoparticles onto the g-C₃N₄ nanosheets. The NiCo₂O₄/g-C₃N₄ composites showed excellent catalytic effect under visible light/ultrasonic irradiation, and the efficiency of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) degradation reached 90% within 15 min. The optical properties of g-C₃N₄ nanosheets were improved by doping, and the diffusion of active materials and carrier migration rate were improved by ultrasonic assistance. Possible catalytic mechanisms and potential pathways of the NiCo₂O₄/g-C₃N₄ composites for the degradation of TCH triggered by visible light/ultrasonic irradiation were proposed. This study provides a new strategy for energy-assisted photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.