A High-Modulus Dual-Cross-Linked Shell Promoting Phosphorus–Carbon Composites for Stable and High-Rate Lithium Ion Storage

Phosphorus is considered an ideal anode material for lithium ion storage by virtue of its high theoretical capacity and moderate lithiation potential. However, issues such as large volume expansion of phosphorus leading to an electrical loss of contact and instability of the solid electrolyte interface hinder its practical performance. Improvement strategies that can effectively suppress volume expansion and provide stable electrical contacts are urgently needed. Herein, by introduction of a carbon nanotube cross-linked microstructure into the polyimide coating layer, a high-modulus coating layer is effectively constructed to suppress volume expansion and provide a stable and fast conductive network. The prepared dual-cross-linked phosphorus–carbon composites exhibit excellent cycling stability and high-rate performance. After cycling 500 cycles at a current density of 1 A g –1, it can still provide a specific capacity of 1467.68 mAh g –1, with a capacity retention rate of 87.28%. And even at a high current of 10 A g –1, it can still provide a high specific capacity of 1450.72 mAh g –1 .