Raspberry-Like Mesoporous Zn₁.₀₇Ga₂.₃₄Si₀.₉₈O₆.₅₆:Cr₀.₀₁ Nanocarriers for Enhanced Near-Infrared Afterglow Imaging and Combined Cancer Chemotherapy

Near-infrared (NIR) persistent luminescence (PersL) nanoparticles based on trivalent chromium-doped gallates (ZGO) as nanocarriers show great potential for theranostics, owing to their autofluorescence-free background and deep tissue penetration. However, high drug loading capacity of ZGO nanocarriers remains a big challenge. Herein, raspberry-like mesoporous Zn₁.₀₇Ga₂.₃₄Si₀.₉₈O₆.₅₆:Cr₀.₀₁ (designated as Si-ZGO) is first developed via a unique silica-assisted targeted etching strategy. The composition, morphology, NIR PersL capacities, and drug loading/releasing abilities of Si-ZGO have been explored. These results exhibit that Si-ZGO possess multiple inspiring characteristics including (i) spherical raspberry-like mesoporous morphology with a large cavity (total pore size ∼5.0 nm) and high specific surface area (∼80.653 m²·g–¹), promising excellent drug loading capacity (∼62 wt %); (ii) tunable sizes from 80 to 180 nm and improved aqueous-dispersibility, facilitating cellular uptake and permeation and retention (EPR) effect; (iii) new deep traps related to oxygen vacancies, achieving the brighter NIR PersL. These outstanding merits enable the further nanosystem (DOX-BSA@Si-ZGO) for proof-of-concept theranostics excellent chemotherapy effect, tumor-specific trackable ability, and pronounced NIR afterglow imaging in vivo. This work demonstrates the great potentials of Si-ZGO nanorasperries as a multifunctional theranostics platform, even more it hopefully could inspire other constructions of advanced functional materials.