High-Gain Millimeter-Wave Stretchable Array Antenna Based on Electrospun-BaTiO₃/PDMS Composite Membrane Substrate

Recent developments in wearable wireless communication systems have significantly increased the demand for stretchable antennas. The substrate, which is a critical component for antennas, has a great impact on the antenna’s electromagnetic performance and mechanical properties, particularly at millimeter-wave frequencies. However, conventional methods of incorporating low-loss ceramics into stretchable polymers cannot achieve an equilibrium between low dielectric loss and optimal stretchability. To resolve this issue, we present a novel approach that synergistically integrates electrospun barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) nanofibers with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), achieving a composite membrane substrate with ultralow dielectric loss and exceptional stretchability. Based on this advanced substrate, we develop a wearable array antenna that demonstrates stretchability and remarkable radiation characteristics, effectively addressing the constraints associated with conventional PDMS-based antennas. This proposed antenna is expected to be an excellent candidate for next-generation wearable and stretchable millimeter-wave 5G wireless communication.