journal article·2025-05-07

A Chimeric Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Presenting an Immunodominant Epitope of gB Elicited Potent Neutralizing Antibodies against EBV Infection In Vitro and In Vivo

Ling Zhong, Wanlin Zhang, Rui Xiao, Huiping He, Qian Wu, Junping Hong, Mu-Sheng Zeng, Qinjian Zhao, Qingbing Zheng, Yi-xin Chen, Xiao Zhang

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces· Volume 17· Issue 18
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Abstract

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) as the first characterized tumorigenic virus in humans causes heavy disease burdens. An effective vaccine is urgently needed to block EBV infection. Glycoprotein B (gB) is the essential fusogen for EBV infection of all susceptible cell types. We previously demonstrated that neutralizing antibody 3A3 targeting gB effectively blocked EBV infection in a humanized mouse model, indicating that the epitope recognized by 3A3 is the potential immunogen candidate. Hence, we rationally designed a chimeric virus-like particle (cVLP) vaccine based on the hepatitis B core antigen (HBc149) to display gB peptide, αB, recognized by 3A3 (149-αB cVLP). The engineered 149-αB cVLP vaccine self-assembled into spherical particles presenting multiple copies of αB peptide. The 149-αB cVLP vaccine induced much higher antibody titers against αB peptides than gB protein immunization. Importantly, sera antibodies elicited by the 149-αB cVLP vaccine more efficiently blocked EBV infection and membrane fusion of epithelial cells and B cells. Sera from 149-αB cVLP vaccine-immunized rabbits conferred 100% protection against EBV infection in a humanized mouse model. We demonstrated that the 149-αB cVLP vaccine induced potent antigen-specific protective immune responses and shed light on the research of peptide-based vaccines against EBV infection.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research · Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments · Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

College of Pharmacy

Chongqing Medical University

State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy

Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine

Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center

Guangzhou Medical University

State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health

Xiamen University

Funding

Chongqing Municipal Education Commission · Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China · Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality · Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality · National Natural Science Foundation of China

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