Plasma Functionalization of Silica Bilayer Polymorphs

Ultrathin silica films are considered suitable two-dimensional model systems for the study of fundamental chemical and physical properties of all-silica zeolites and their derivatives, as well as novel supports for the stabilization of single atoms. In the present work, we report the creation of a new model catalytic support based on the surface functionalization of different silica bilayer (BL) polymorphs with well-defined atomic structures. The functionalization is carried out by means of in situ H-plasma treatments at room temperature. Low energy electron diffraction and microscopy data indicate that the atomic structure of the films remains unchanged upon treatment. Comparing the experimental results (photoemission and infrared absorption spectra) with density functional theory simulations shows that H₂ is added via the heterolytic dissociation of an interlayer Si-O-Si siloxane bond and the subsequent formation of a hydroxyl and a hydride group in the top and bottom layers of the silica film, respectively. Functionalization of the silica films constitutes the first step into the development of a new type of model system of single-atom catalysts where metal atoms with different affinities for the functional groups can be anchored in the SiO₂ matrix in well-established positions. In this way, synergistic and confinement effects between the active centers can be studied in a controlled manner.