Optical Tunability and Characterization of Mg–Al, Mg–Ti, and Mg–Ni Alloy Hydrides for Dynamic Color Switching Devices

Mg shows great potential as a metal hydride for switchable optical response and hydrogen detection due to its ability to stably incorporate significant amounts of hydrogen into its lattice. However, this thermodynamic stability makes hydrogen removal difficult. By alloying Mg with secondary elements, the hydrogenation kinetics can be increased. Here, we report the dynamic optical, loading, and stress properties of three Mg alloy systems (Mg-Al, Mg-Ti, and Mg-Ni) and present several novel phenomena and three distinct device designs that can be achieved with them. We find that these materials all have large deviations in refractive index when exposed to H₂ gas, with a wide range of potential properties in the hydride state. The magnitude and sign of the optical property change for each of the alloys are similar, but the differences have dramatic effects on device design. We show that Mg-Ti alloys perform well as both switchable windows and broadband switchable light absorbers, where Mg_0.87Ti_0.13 and Mg_0.85Ti_0.15 can achieve a 40% transmission change as a switchable window and a 55% absorption change as a switchable solar absorber. We also show how different alloys can be used for dynamically tunable color filters, where both the reflected and transmitted colors depend on the hydrogenation state. We demonstrate how small changes in the alloy composition (e.g., with Mg-Ni) can lead to dramatically different color responses upon hydrogenation (red-shifting vs blue-shifting of the resonance). Our results establish the potential for these Mg alloys in a variety of applications relating to hydrogen storage, detection, and optical devices, which are necessary for a future hydrogen economy.