Experimental and Theoretical Comparison of Potential-dependent Methylation on Chemically Exfoliated WS₂ and MoS₂

Reductant-activated functionalization is shown to enhance the methylation of chemically exfoliated MoS2 (ceMoS2) and ceWS2 by introducing excess negative charge to facilitate a nucleophilic attack reaction. Relative to methylation in the absence of a reductant, the reaction produces a twofold increase in coverage of ceWS2, from 25 to 52% coverage per WS2. However, at every potential, the methyl coverage on ceWS2 was ∼20% lower than that on ceMoS2. We applied grand canonical density functional theory to show that at constant potential, more negative charge is present on 1T′-MoS2 than on 1T′-WS2, making methylation both thermodynamically and kinetically more favorable for 1T′-MoS2 than 1T′-WS2. This effect was moderated when the reactions were compared at constant charge, emphasizing the importance of comparing the reactivity of materials at nominally identical electrode potentials.