Design, Fabrication, and Analysis of a Capillary Diode for Potential Application in Water–Oil Separation

A capillary device is designed and fabricated in glass to work as a fluidic diode with vanishingly small hydrodynamic conductance for imbibition of water within a finite range of immersion depths. This is attained through patterning a section of predefined length on the device surfaces using a single-step laser-based ablation process and without resorting to chemical treatment of the hydrophilic glass substrate. While the studied device works as a fluidic diode for water, it can behave as a conventional capillary slit for the imbibition of oils (e.g., alkanes, silicone oils) with low surface tension. A prototype device with simple geometric design is demonstrated for selective adsorption and separation of water and oil in vertical imbibition experiments at controlled immersion depths. Efficient devices for passive separation of water and oil can be designed based on the demonstrated physical mechanism and the analytical model proposed in this work.