Large-Scale Production of V₆O₁₃ Cathode Materials Assisted by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis–Infrared Spectroscopy Technology

The kilogram-scale fabrication of V 6 O 13 cathode materials has been notably assisted by in situ thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA)–infrared spectroscopy (IR) technology. This technology successfully identified a residue of ammonium metavanadate in commercial V 6 O 13, which is consistent with the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy result. Samples of V 6 O 13 materials have been fabricated and characterized by TGA–IR, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The initial testing results at 125 °C have shown that test cells containing the sample prepared at 500 °C show up to a 10% increase in the initial specific capacity in comparison with commercial V 6 O 13 .