Plasma-Induced CoF₂ Formation and Carbon Coating for Bond Adjustment and Polarization Inhibition in High-Rate Li/CF_x Batteries

Fluorinated carbon (CF x ) contains strong covalent C–F bonds, leading to severe electrochemical polarization in Li/CF x batteries with a limited rate performance. Herein, a synergy technology was developed to prepare a CF x /CoF 2 /C composite for a high-rate Li/CF x battery combining bond adjustment and polarization inhibition effects. Typically, the CF x /CoF 2 /C composite in situ generated coupling with a mixed-liquid phase reaction and C 2 H 2 /Ar plasma-inducing technology. In detail, the intermediate/CF x mixtures were prepared by mixing Co(NO 3 ) 2 as a cobalt source and NaOH as a precipitant, immediately following the C 2 H 2 /Ar plasma treatment. The introduction of CoF 2 favors the C 2 H 2 decomposition into the carbon layer deposition during the plasma bombardment. Furthermore, the as-designed composite possesses rich semi-ionic C–F bonds, which suppress the polarization of CF x . The charge transfer resistance of the CF x /CoF 2 /C composite is reduced from 267.9 to 51.7 Ω compared with raw CF x . The energy density of the CF x /CoF 2 /C cathode increased to 1.89 times with a value as high as 1185.65 Wh/kg at 15 C. This novel cathode combines energetic CoF 2 and a conductive carbon layer to modify CF x by plasma-inducing technology, synergistically achieving CF x bond adjustment and polarization inhibition to address high-rate batteries.