Lithiophilic Multichannel Layer to Simultaneously Control the Li-Ion Flux and Li Nucleation for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries

Although the Li metal has been gaining attention as a promising anode material for the next-generation high-energy-density rechargeable batteries owing to its high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh g –1 ), its practical use remains challenging owing to inherent issues related to Li nucleation and growth. This paper reports the fabrication of a lithiophilic multichannel layer (LML) that enables the simultaneous control of Li nucleation and growth in Li-metal batteries. The LML, composed of lithiophilic ceramic composite nanoparticles (Ag-plated Al 2 O 3 particles), is fabricated using the electroless plating method. This LML provides numerous channels for a uniform Li-ion diffusion on a nonwoven separator. Furthermore, the lithiophilic Ag on the Li metal anode surface facing the LML induces a low overpotential during Li nucleation, resulting in a dense Li deposition. The LML enables the LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 || Li cells to maintain a capacity higher than 75% after 100 cycles, even at high charge/discharge rates of 5.0 C at a cutoff voltage of 4.4 V, and achieve an ultrahigh energy density of 1164 Wh kg –1 . These results demonstrate that the LML is a promising solution enabling the application of Li metal as an anode material in the next-generation Li-ion batteries.