Synergistic Tailoring of Electronic and Thermal Transports in Thermoelectric Se-Free n-Type (Bi,Sb)₂Te₃

Se-free n-type (Bi,Sb) 2 Te 3 thermoelectric materials, outperforming traditional n-type Bi 2 (Te,Se) 3, emerge as a compelling candidate for practical applications of recovering low-grade waste heat. A 100% improvement in the maximum ZT of n-type Bi 1.7 Sb 0.3 Te 3 is demonstrated by using melt-spinning and excess Te-assisted transient liquid phase sintering (LPS). Te-rich sintering promotes the formation of intrinsic defects (Te Bi ), elevating the carrier concentration and enhancing the electrical conductivity. Melt-spinning with excess Te fine-tunes the electronic band, resulting in a high power-factor of 0.35 × 10 –3 W·m –1 K –2 at 300 K. Rapid volume change during sintering induces the formation of dislocation networks, significantly suppressing the lattice thermal conductivity (0.4 W·m –1 K –1 ). The developed n-type legs achieve a high maximum ZT of 1.0 at 450 K resulting in a 70% improvement in the output power of the thermoelectric device (7.7 W at a temperature difference of 250 K). This work highlights the synergy between melt-spinning and transient LPS, advancing the tailored control of both electronic and thermal properties in thermoelectric technology.