Dispersion and Tunable Alignment of Colloidal Silver Nanowires in a Nematic Liquid Crystal for Applications in Electric–Optic Devices

The dispersion and tunable alignment of colloidal nanomaterials is desirable for practical applications in electric–optic (E–O) devices; however, it remains challenging for large one-dimensional nanomaterials with a large aspect ratio. Here, we demonstrate a large-scale, simple, multi-microdomain, and noncontact photoalignment technology to align colloidal silver nanowires (AgNWs, length ∼4.5 μm, diameter ∼70.6 nm) in a liquid crystal (LC) with a high two-dimensional order parameter (about 0.9). The AgNWs are precisely self-assembled via photomasks with twisted nematic and planar alignment models in microdomain regions. The AgNW orientation is tuned with an electric field, through the rotation of an LC director n, which allows three-dimensional (3D) tunable orientation combined with photoalignment. The colloidal dispersions of AgNWs in the LC cell influenced the ion transfer, elastic constant, dielectric anisotropy, and near LC alignment, changing the E–O properties of the LC devices. The 3D tunable orientation of an AgNW by photoalignment and an electric field could provide a new way to assemble large colloidal nanomaterials and fabricate functional E–O devices.