First-Principle Colloidal Gate for Controlling Liquid and Molecule Flow Using 2D Claylike Nanoparticles

Herein, we exploit the natural tendency of two-dimensional (2D) clay nanoparticles to self-assemble and restrict water permeability in soils to fabricate a first of its kind synthetic, pH-activated, reversible, and tunable colloidal flow gate. To realize this, we studied the effect of the pH level of a suspension of claylike layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles on the LDH coagulation process. We then packed the LDH into a fixed-bed column and examined the effect of pH on mass transport through the column. We found that the 2D platelike LDH particles coagulate in an edge-to-edge configuration, which renders highly nonisotropic aggregates, pivotal for obstructing the transport of liquid and molecules therein. We showed that the coagulation and flow through the column may be regulated by imposing various pH levels as an external stimulus to affect LDH zeta potential. Hence, this work shows that the flow through a column comprising a 2D particle bed can be regulated in a reversible manner by simply alternating the pH of the wash solution, equilibration time, or gate dimensions. Furthermore, we show that, subject to pH treatment, we may open and close the colloidal gate for the transport of large molecules and provide selective transport thereof.