Substrate Versatile Roller Ball Pen Writing of Nanoporous MoS₂ for Energy Storage Devices

Low-cost fabrication of customizable supercapacitors and batteries to power up portable electronic devices is a much-needed step in advancing energy storage devices. The processing methods and techniques involved in developing small-sized entities in complex patterns are expensive, tedious, and time-consuming. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of customizable electrochemical supercapacitors and batteries by simply employing the universal and conventional paradigm of direct pen writing with hands and evaluating their energy storage performance. The fabrication technique involves the refilling of MoS 2 ink into the pen and then scripting of MoS 2 nanostructures onto various substrates. The electrode material employed here consists of nanoporous microspheres of MoS 2 synthesized by a simple one-step hydrothermal method. Direct pen writing with porous MoS 2 in complex patterns enables easy, affordable, and simple fabrication of energy storage devices as and when required based on user choice toward distributed manufacturing and sustainability.