Enhanced Low-Humidity Performance of Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells via Membrane Surface Engineering

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) play a pivotal role in meeting the energy needs of high-power applications such as construction and agricultural machinery and mobility. High-power operation often exacerbates problems associated with water management within the cell due to excessive water generation, affecting water distribution at the cathode and anode interfaces. Our research recognizes the importance of addressing challenges associated with the high-power operation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) for use in high-power fuel cell applications. The introduction of surface-patterned membranes leads to overall performance enhancement and improved humidity stability, thereby mitigating critical issues related to high-power operation. The enhanced contact at the electrolyte/catalyst interface and the expanded three-phase interface contribute to better heat dissipation and water management, ultimately alleviating challenges associated with catalyst efficiency and water stability during high-power usage. Furthermore, the improved low-humidity performance and stability observed in our study leverage the excessive water generated during PEMFC low-humidity operation. This not only enhances overall performance but also presents an opportunity to improve efficiency by utilizing the excess water generated, potentially reducing the costs associated with humidification maintenance. Our findings highlight the potential of surface-patterned membranes to address both high-power and low-humidity challenges, offering a comprehensive solution for the optimal performance of PEMFCs in demanding applications such as construction and agricultural machinery, as well as in the field of mobility.