Encapsulation of MCC950 in Liposomes Decorated with Anti-Frizzled 1 Improves Drug Bioavailability and Effectiveness in Fatty Liver Disease

Inflammasome activation plays a crucial role in the progression to more severe stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), representing a promising therapeutic target. MCC950 is a small molecule acting as a potent and specific inhibitor of the canonical and non-canonical activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, but its short plasmatic half-life limits its use. Herein, we report, for the first time, the encapsulation of MCC950 in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) liposomes (LPs) that are specifically functionalized with an antibody against Frizzled 1 (FZD1), a g-coupled protein involved in the WNT pathway and overexpressed on inflammasome-activated macrophages. MCC950, encapsulated into PEG-LP formulations conjugated with an anti-FZD1 antibody, inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome activation at concentrations 10 times lower than that of the free drug in THP-1 cells. Luminescent carbon dots (CDs) were also co-encapsulated with MCC950 in LPs to obtain optically traceable nanoformulations that have proved the enhanced ability of the targeted LPs to be internalized into THP-1 cells with respect to their nontargeted counterparts. Our results suggest that MCC950 encapsulation into targeted LPs represents a valuable strategy to achieve reformulation of the NLRP3 inhibitor, able to significantly curtail the threshold of MCC950 doses for inhibiting inflammasome activation, thus offering a new therapeutic approach.