Cell-Membrane-Coated Cationic Nanoparticles Disguised as Macrophages for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance. In this process, innate immune cells play a crucial role in recognizing the stimuli (free fatty acid, lipopolysaccharide, and cytokines) and mediating the inflammatory response, contributing to the development of T2DM. Neutralizing inflammatory cytokines and blocking the inflammation cascade provide great potential for the treatment of T2DM. Here, we applied a macrophage membrane as a bait, which could specifically recognize and bind the stimuli, to encapsulate nanoparticles and capture the stimuli, further preventing inflammation. The in vivo experiment results suggest that the nanoparticles could reduce the production of proinflammatory cytokines, decrease insulin resistance, and realize significant therapeutic effects for T2DM. A potential strategy is thus offered for blocking immune response, holding a wide application in metabolic and autoimmune diseases.