Quantum-Dot-Encoded Beads-Enhanced CRISPR/Cas-Based Lateral-Flow Assay for the Amplification-Free, Sensitive, and Rapid Detection of Nucleic Acids in Breast Cancer

Nucleic acid detection plays a pivotal role in the accurate diagnosis of diseases. The CRISPR/Cas detection system, noted for its significant utility in a variety of applications, often necessitates enhanced sensitivity or specific signal amplification strategies, particularly for detecting low-abundance biomarkers. In this study, we present a quantum-dot-encoded beads (QDB)-energized CRISPR/Cas12-based lateral-flow assay (QDB-CRISPR-LFA). This method enables amplification-free, sensitive, and rapid detection (<40 min) of BRCA-1. We validated our method using contrived reference samples and nucleic acids extracted from tumor cells. The QDB-CRISPR-LFA provides a visual, more rapid alternative to the traditional BRCA-1 real-time RT-PCR assay. Significantly, through the integration of CRISPR's specificity and the high signal output of QDB, the detection threshold for BRCA-1 has been reduced to the femtomolar level, representing an enhancement of 2-4 orders of magnitude over existing CRISPR/Cas detection methods. This advancement underscores the potential of our approach in advancing nucleic acid detection techniques, which is crucial for the early and precise diagnosis of diseases.