A Secondary Al–CO₂ Battery Enabled by Aluminum Iodide as a Homogeneous Redox Mediator

As an emerging energy storage concept, Al–CO 2 batteries have not yet been demonstrated as a rechargeable system that can deliver a high discharge voltage and a high capacity. In this work, we present a homogeneous redox mediator to access a rechargeable Al–CO 2 battery with an ultralow overpotential of 0.05 V. In addition, the resulting rechargeable Al–CO 2 cell can maintain a high discharge voltage of 1.12 V and delivers a high capacity of 9394 mAh/g carbon . Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis indicates that the discharge product is aluminum oxalate which can facilitate the reversible operation of Al–CO 2 batteries. The rechargeable Al–CO 2 battery system demonstrated here holds great promise as a low-cost and high-energy alternative for future grid energy storage applications. Meanwhile, the Al–CO 2 battery system could facilitate capture and concentration of atmospheric CO 2, ultimately benefiting both the energy and environmental sectors of society.