A Novel Metal Precursor Structure for Electrodepositing Ultrathin CIGSe Thin-Film Solar Cell with High Efficiency

The two-step process of electrodeposition and selenization is one of the most effective methods for producing CIGSe and CZTSe solar cells at a low cost. However, it is difficult to prepare the ultrathin CIGSe absorber by electrodeposition due to the nonuniform deposition of Cu on the Mo substrate. In this study, Cu was deposited on a Sb film instead of a Mo film, and the 3D growth mode of Cu was changed. Uniform and smooth ultrathin Cu films were fabricated on the Sb film using a pulse frequency over a range from 1000 to 10,000 Hz and a pulse current density ranging from 31.25 to 62.5 mA/cm2. Owing to the improved uniformity of Cu/In/Ga films, the thickness of the CIGSe absorber was reduced from 2 to 0.36 μm with Sb incorporation. In addition, the effects of Sb-doping on the CIGSe absorbers and the device performance were investigated. The crystallinity of the CIGSe films was improved, and the interface recombination of the solar cells was reduced by Sb incorporation. Ultimately, CIGSe thin-film solar cells with efficiencies of 5.25 and 11.27% were obtained with CIGSe absorber thicknesses of 0.36 and 1.2 μm, respectively.