journal article·2023-05-03Open access

Multi-leveled Nanosilicate Implants Can Facilitate Near-Perfect Bone Healing

Mozhgan Keshavarz, Parvin Alizadeh, Firoz Babu Kadumudi, Gorka Orive, Akhilesh K. Gaharwar, Miguel Castilho, Nasim Golafshan, Alireza Dolatshahi-Pirouz

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces· Volume 15· Issue 17

Abstract

Several studies have shown that nanosilicate-reinforced scaffolds are suitable for bone regeneration. However, hydrogels are inherently too soft for load-bearing bone defects of critical sizes, and hard scaffolds typically do not provide a suitable three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment for cells to thrive, grow, and differentiate naturally. In this study, we bypass these long-standing challenges by fabricating a cell-free multi-level implant consisting of a porous and hard bone-like framework capable of providing load-bearing support and a softer native-like phase that has been reinforced with nanosilicates. The system was tested with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and as a cell-free system in a critical-sized rat bone defect. Overall, our combinatorial and multi-level implant design displayed remarkable osteoconductivity in vitro without differentiation factors, expressing significant levels of osteogenic markers compared to unmodified groups. Moreover, after 8 weeks of implantation, histological and immunohistochemical assays indicated that the cell-free scaffolds enhanced bone repair up to approximately 84% following a near-complete defect healing. Overall, our results suggest that the proposed nanosilicate bioceramic implant could herald a new age in the field of orthopedics.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Bone Tissue Engineering Materials · Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications · Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-143, Tehran 14115-143, Iran

NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain

DTU Health Tech, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark

Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain

University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology─UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain

Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain

Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas TX 77843, United States

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AE, The Netherlands

Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AE, The Netherlands

Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3508 GA, The Netherlands

Funding

Iran National Science Foundation · Ministerio de Econom??a y Competitividad · Det Frie Forskningsr??d · Ministry of Science Research and Technology · European Commission · Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek · Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness · Tarbiat Modares University

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