journal article·2021-11-10Open access

Unveiling the Interfacial and Structural Heterogeneity of Ti3C2Tx MXene Etched with CoF2/HCl by Integrated in Situ Thermal Analysis

Cody B. Cockreham, Xianghui Zhang, Jeffrey A. Eakin, Martinus Dewa, Houqian Li, Nan Li, Junming Sun, Su Ha, Cornelius F. Ivory, Yong Wang, Hongwu Xu, Di Wu

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces· Volume 13· Issue 44

Abstract

Ti3C2Tx MXene is a member of the recently discovered two-dimensional early transition metal carbide and nitride family of MXenes with potential applications in energy storage and heterogeneous catalysis at elevated temperatures. Here, we apply a suite of in situ techniques to probe Ti3C2Tx MXene’s thermal evolutions, including in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), and integrated thermogravimetry–differential scanning calorimetry–mass spectrometry (TG-DSC-MS). In light of this set of in situ investigations, we find heterogeneity in the layering of Ti3C2Tx MXene revealed only at higher temperatures. Our findings present behavior up to 600 °C, particularly interlayer water and −OH surface end-capping groups. In one group of layers, their interlayer spacing shrinks as water deintercalates, but the other group of layers unexpectedly shows no change in the interlayer spacing. This is strong evidence that intercalants act as guest pillaring agents in the latter layering group, which stabilize these layers at higher temperatures while keeping the interlayer space accessible.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: MXene and MAX Phase Materials · 2D Materials and Applications · Graphene research and applications

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Alexandra Navrotsky Institute for Experimental Thermodynamics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States

The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States

Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States

School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States

Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States

Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States

Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States

Materials Science and Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States

Funding

Achievement Rewards for College Scientists Foundation · National Nuclear Security Administration · Washington State University

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