Wearable, Biodegradable, and Antibacterial Multifunctional Ti₃C₂T_x MXene/Cellulose Paper for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Passive and Active Dual-Thermal Management

An energy-saving scheme that can simultaneously realize electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, passive solar radiative heating, and active Joule heating in a single wearable device is still a huge challenge. Here, by combining the unique properties of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene and biocompatible cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), a flexible, degradable, and antibacterial multifunctional Ti 3 C 2 T x /CNF paper (∼0.6 Ω/sq) is constructed through a facile vacuum filtration strategy. The resultant device not only exhibits an admirable EMI shielding effectiveness of ∼48.5 dB at the X-band and a superior heating property including dual-driven electrothermal and photothermal conversion without energy but also possesses wide temperature range regulation and long-time stability. More impressively, both high antibacterial efficiency (toward both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria) and good degradability with low-concentration hydrogen peroxide solution can also be achieved in Ti 3 C 2 T x /CNF papers. This study provides a promising platform for practical applications of multifunctional Ti 3 C 2 T x /CNFs in EMI shielding, thermotherapy, heat preservation, and antibacterial protection in harsh environments, satisfying the demands for energy-saving, environmentally friendly, and sustainable development.