Temporal Response of Ionic Current Blockade in Solid-State Nanopores

Signal delay is a crucial factor in resistive pulse analyses using low-thickness-to-diameter aspect-ratio pores that aim to detect fine features in the ionic current blockade during the fast translocation of individual analytes to attain single-molecule tomography. Here we report on evaluations of the ionic current response to dynamic motions of nanoparticles in ultrathin solid-state nanopores. We systematically investigated the effects of pore resistance and membrane capacitance on resistive pulse waveforms under different salt concentration conditions and device configurations. The results revealed substantial modifications in the resistive pulse waveforms due to a slow charging/discharging processes at the water-touching thin dielectrics in the solid-state nanopore chips. We also provide a device design to improve the temporal resolution without compromising the spatial sensitivity. The present findings offer a breakthrough toward nanoporescopy to measure the nanoscopic shape of single-bioparticles and -molecules in electrolyte solution.