journal article·2020-04-15Open access

Multifunctional Cellulose Nanocrystals as a High-Efficient Polysulfide Stopper for Practical Li–S Batteries

Jie Liu, Yanyan Li, Yuxue Xuan, Liujiang Zhou, Dong Wang, Zhenwei Li, Haifeng Lin, Sergei Tretiak, Hui Wang, Lei Wang, Ziyang Guo, Shanqing Zhang

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces· Volume 12· Issue 15

Abstract

Because of the severe shuttle effect of polysulfides, achieving durable Li–S batteries is still a great challenge, especially under practical operation conditions including the high sulfur content, high loading, and high operation temperature. Herein, for the first time, low-cost, eco-friendly, and hydrophilic cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are proposed as a multifunctional polysulfide stopper for Li–S batteries with high performance. CNCs display an intrinsically high aspect ratio and a large surface area and contain a large amount of hydroxyl groups offering a facile platform for chemical interactions. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the electron-rich functional groups on CNCs deliver robust binding energies with polysulfides. In this work, CNCs not only firmly confine sulfur and polysulfides in the cathode as a robust binder, but also further hinder polysulfide shuttling to the Li anode as a polysulfide stopper on a separator. Consequently, the as-prepared Li–S batteries demonstrate outstanding cycling performance even under the conditions of high sulfur content of 90 wt % (63 wt % in the cathode), high loading of 8.5 mg cm–2, and high temperature of 60 °C. These results sufficiently demonstrate that CNCs have significant application potential in Li–S battery technologies.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies · Advancements in Battery Materials · Electromagnetic wave absorption materials

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Affiliations

Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-Chemical Process and Technology, State Key Lab Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China

College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China

School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China

Theoretical Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States

Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China

Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143026, Russia

School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China

Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia

Funding

Los Alamos National Laboratory · National Natural Science Foundation of China · Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province · Special Fund Project to Guide Development of Local Science and Technology by Central Government · Shandong Taishan Scholar Program

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