Self-Powered All-in-One Fluid Sensor Textile with Enhanced Triboelectric Effect on All-Immersed Dendritic Liquid–Solid Interface

Enormous interests have been attracted on exploiting interfacial triboelectric effects for sensor and energy applications but immensely limited by the inefficient liquid–solid electrification in terms of immersed applications in fluid. Here, we have presented a flexible self-powered all-in-one fluid sensor textile, for simultaneously monitoring the velocity, acceleration, and chemical composition based on an enhanced liquid–solid triboelectric effect. The textile was woven from flexible dendritic cable electrodes surrounded by arrays of micrometal dendrites, which could be further coated with a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene nanofibers. Even when completely immersed in the fluid, the textile can efficiently output a combined electric signal for parsing the velocity, acceleration, and chemical composition information. Furthermore, a textile of 6 cm2 can charge a commercialized capacitor to 1 V within 80 s by harvesting flow energy on the liquid/solid interface, showing a potential use as the power supply of a signal-processing circuit. It has proposed a promising fluid sensor without extra power cables, for alerting possible leakage or blockage inside chemical and petroleum pipelines.