Highly Selective Aromatization of Octane over Pt–Zn/UZSM-5: The Effect of Pt–Zn Interaction and Pt Position

The effects of Zn–Pt interaction and Pt dispersion over a uniform compact cylindrical shape ZSM-5 (UZSM-5) on the catalytic octane aromatization performance are investigated. The comparison between different Pt- and Zn-modified ZSM-5 catalysts demonstrates the significance of ZSM-5 morphology and, more importantly, the metal distributions on it. For the UZSM-5 support, Pt atoms prefer to occupy the sites within its inner pores, resulting in high selectivity to xylenes during the octane aromatization. The Zn deposit in inner pores and higher dispersion of Pt lead to the spillover of Pt sites to the external surface, which is critical for the activation of octane to produce reaction intermediates that are further converted to aromatics over the inner pore catalytic sites. These effects are evidenced by a diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy study of CO adsorbed on the catalyst surface. In situ X-ray absorption fine structure spectra are collected to probe the coordination number and the chemical environment of Pt and Zn atoms in the catalysts during the octane aromatization reaction. Pt and Zn are well dispersed and stable during the reaction, and a partial reduction of Pt during the reaction is observed. A theoretical study using the density functional theory method predicts that the reaction and transition-state intermediates upon octane activation are better stabilized by Pt(111) of Pt external surface sites with a smaller activation barrier, indicating their significance in C–H activation. This hypothesis is further evidenced by comparing the octane aromatization performance of various modified catalysts through varying Zn loading, blocking inner pores, and covering the external catalytic sites with SiO2.