Performance of NIR-Mediated Antibacterial Continuous Flow Microreactors Prepared by Mussel-Inspired Immobilization of Cs_0.33WO₃ Photothermal Agents

An antibacterial continuous flow microreactor was successfully prepared by sequential mussel-inspired surface engineering of microchannels by using catechol-grafted poly( N -vinylpyrrolidone) and immobilization of near-infrared active Cs 0.33 WO 3 nanoparticles inside the polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)-based microreactors. Excellent phothothermal antibacterial acitivity over 99.9% was accomplished toward Gram-positive and -negative bacteria upon near-infrared irradiation during continuous operation up to 30 days. This was achieved without releasing Cs 0.33 WO 3 nanoparticles from the surface of the microchannels, confirming the robust immobilization of photothermal agents through the mussel-inspired chemistry. The cleaning of used microreactors was easily attainable by simple acid treatment to release immobilized photothermal agents from the surface of the microchannels, enabling efficient recycling of used microreactors.