CdCl 2 treatment concentration evolution of physical properties correlation with surface morphology of CdTe thin films for solar cells
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract The microstructural, optical and electrical properties of a thin film could be tuned by the post-treatments such as high-temperature processing and CdCl2 treatments. The microstructural and optoelectronic properties of e-beam evaporated CdTe thin films were investigated and optimized with the application of CdCl2 treatments and correlated with the surface morphology. The films of thickness 1.05 μm were grown on glass and ITO substrates followed by wet CdCl2 treatment and then heat treatment at 450 °C. The direct band gap is found to decrease from 1.75 eV to 1.48 eV with the treatment. The dielectric theory, Herve-Vandamme, Swanepoel and DiDomenico models were employed to analyze some optical and dielectric constants. The zinc blende cubic structure is found and crystallographic parameters are also briefly discussed. The electrical conductivity and IR transmittance were found to be increased with increasing concentration of CdCl2. The results revealed that CdCl2 treatment has significant effect on these properties.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films · Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials · Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (53)
Show source-provided references
1. Increased efficiencies on CdTe solar cells via luminescence down-shifting with excitation energy transfer between dyes10.1016/j.solmat.2011.11.009 ↗
2. First solar, http://investor.firstsolar.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=956479, retrieved on September 20, 2016.
3. Fabrication of CdTe/NiTe films on Ni foils by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering method10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.12.203 ↗
4. Thermal evolution of physical properties of vacuum evaporated polycrystalline CdTe thin films for solar cells
5. Preparation and characterization of pulsed laser deposited a novel CdS/CdSe composite window layer for CdTe thin film solar cell10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.01.224 ↗
6. The effect of the CdCl2 treatment on CdTe/CdS thin film solar cells studied using deep level transient spectroscopy10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00200-1 ↗
7. Modulation of the band gap of tungsten oxide thin films through mixing with cadmium telluride towards photovoltaic applications10.1016/j.materresbull.2016.11.032 ↗
8. CdTe polycrystalline thin film solar cells are more efficient than the corresponding single crystal?10.1002/crat.200410484 ↗
9. Physics and chemistry of CdTe/CdS thin film heterojunction photovoltaic devices: fundamental and critical aspects10.1039/C3EE41981A ↗
10. Influence of thickness on physical properties of vacuum evaporated polycrystalline CdTe thin films for solar cell applications10.1016/j.physe.2015.09.044 ↗
11. Time evolution to CdCl2 treatment on Cd-based solar cell devices fabricated by vapor evaporation10.1016/j.solener.2017.05.013 ↗
12. Photochemical Self-healing pyrrole based treatment of CdS/CdTe photovoltaics10.1016/j.solmat.2011.01.038 ↗
13. A study of vapor CdCl2 treatment by CSS in CdS/CdTe solar cells10.1016/j.solener.2010.03.010 ↗
14. X. Wu, J.C. Keane, R.G. Dhere, C. DeHart, D.S. Albin, A. Duda, T.A. Gessert, S. Asher, D.H. Levi, P. Sheldon, 16.5%-Efficient CdS/CdTe polycrystalline thin-film solar cell, Proc. 17th Eur. Photovol. Sol. Energy Conf., Munich, Germany (2001).
15. A.D. Compann, J.R. Sites, R.W. Birkmire, C.S. Ferekides, A.L. Fahrenbruch, Critical issues and research needs for CdTe-based solar cells, Proc. Photovolt. 21st Century, Seattle, WA (1999).
16. Utilization of residual CdCl2 in CBD-CdS to realize grain growth in CdTe: A novel route10.1016/j.materresbull.2013.08.006 ↗
17. Solar photovoltaic electricity: current status and future prospects10.1016/j.solener.2010.12.002 ↗
18. Transmission electron microscopy of CdTe/CdS based solar cells10.1016/0022-0248(95)00627-3 ↗
19. Effects of heat treatment of vacuum evaporated CdCl2 layer on the properties of CdS/CdTe solar cells10.1016/j.cap.2010.11.099 ↗
20. Effect of CdCl2 annealing treatment on thin CdS films prepared by chemical bath deposition10.1016/j.tsf.2010.07.011 ↗
21. Reaction kinetics study of CdTe thin films during CdCl2 heat treatment10.1016/j.solmat.2011.03.044 ↗
22. High quality 1 μm thick CdTe absorber layers grown by magnetron sputtering for solar cell application10.1016/j.cap.2013.02.015 ↗
23. Study of CdTe/CdS heterostructure by CdCl2 heat treatment via in situ high temperature XRD10.1016/j.solmat.2012.11.012 ↗
24. Effects of CdCl2 heat treatment on the morphological and chemical properties of CdTe/CdS thin films solar cells10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.03.020 ↗
25. N.H. Kim, C. ll Park, H.Y. Lee, Microstructure, stress and optical properties of CdTe thin films laser-annealed by using an 808-nm diode laser: Effect of the laser scanning velocity, J. Korean Phys. Soc. 63 (2013) 229-235.10.3938/jkps.63.229 ↗
26. Influence of Zn2+ doping on the crystal structure and optical-electrical properties of CdTe thin films10.1016/j.spmi.2015.07.035 ↗
27. Characteristics of n-Cd0.9 Zn0.1S/p-CdTe heterojunctions10.1016/S0042-207X(02)00604-8 ↗
28. Matare · 1971 · 158
29. S. Lalitha, R. Sathyamoorthy, S. Senthilarasu, A. Subbarayan, Influence of CdCl2 treatment on structural and optical properties of vacuum evaporated CdTe thin films, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 90 (2006) 694-70.10.1016/j.solmat.2005.04.006 ↗
30. Determination of surface roughness and optical constants of inhomogeneous amorphous silicon films10.1088/0022-3735/17/10/023 ↗
31. Enhancement of optical and structural properties of vacuum evaporated CdTe thin films10.1016/j.matchemphys.2016.10.024 ↗
32. Kittel · 2005
33. Dependence of physical parameters of compound semiconductors on refractive index10.14429/dsj.53.2272 ↗
34. Influence of composition on optical and dispersion parameters of thermally evaporated non-crystalline Cd50S50_xSex thin films10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.06.231 ↗
35. Synthesis and optical characterization of nanocrystalline CdTe thin films10.1016/j.optlastec.2010.03.007 ↗
36. Optical and structural constants of CdS thin films grown by electron beam vacuum evaporation for solar cells10.1016/j.tsf.2017.07.048 ↗
37. Dispersive and scattering properties of a ZrF4 based glass10.1049/el:19810679 ↗
38. T.S. Moss, G.J. Burrell, E. Ellis, Semiconductor optoelectronics, Butterworths, London, 1973.10.1016/B978-0-408-70326-0.50010-7 ↗
39. Effect of CdCl2 Treatment on CdTe Thin Films10.1116/1.581269 ↗
40. Klug · 1974
41. X-ray line broadening from filed aluminium and wolfram10.1016/0001-6160(53)90006-6 ↗
42. Investigation of induced recrystallization and stress in close-spaced sublimated and radio-frequency magnetron sputtered CdTe thin films10.1116/1.581892 ↗
43. On the nature of the deep 1.4eV emission bands in CdTe - a study with photoluminescence and ODMR spectroscopy10.1016/0022-0248(92)90831-3 ↗
44. Effect of CdCl2 treatment on structural and electronic property of CdTe thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering10.1016/j.tsf.2013.04.067 ↗
45. Influence of substrate materials on the properties of CdTe thin films grown by hot-wall epitaxy10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.11.207 ↗
46. Impact of thermal annealing on physical properties of vacuum evaporated polycrystalline CdTe thin films for solar cell applications10.1016/j.physe.2016.01.012 ↗
47. Controlled synthesis of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) nanowires10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2014.12.003 ↗
48. Balancing surface area with electron recombination in nanowire-based dye-sensitized solar cells10.1016/j.solener.2016.03.018 ↗
49. J. Nelson, The Physics of Solar cells, Imperial College Press, London, 2003.10.1142/p276 ↗
50. Improving Performance via Blocking Layers in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Nanowire Photoanodes10.1021/acsami.5b02041 ↗
51. Comparing Electron Recombination via Interfacial Modifications in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells10.1021/am505742y ↗
52. Elastic electronic, and lattice dynamical properties of CdS, CdSe, and CdTe10.1016/j.physb.2005.11.099 ↗
53. Native defects and oxygen and hydrogen-related defect complexes in CdTe: density functional calculations10.1063/1.3000562 ↗