journal article·2025-10-15Open access

Electrochemical Salicylic Acid Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polypyrrole

Greta Zvirzdine, Sarunas Zukauskas, Alma Rucinskiene, Enayat Mohsenzadeh, Raimonda Boguzaite, Almira Ramanaviciene, Maksym Pogorielov, Vilma Ratautaite, Arunas Ramanavicius

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces· Volume 17· Issue 41

Abstract

This study aims to provide new insights into the development of an electrochemical salicylic acid (SA) sensor based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). Polypyrrole (Ppy) based MIP and nonimprinted polymer (NIP) layers were deposited on the platinum electrode and evaluated in a three-electrode electrochemical cell. The study used amperometry for monomer polymerization, cyclic voltammetry (CV) for the overoxidation of the polymer layer, and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) for analyte detection. Selectivity was evaluated by comparing the electrochemical signals of SA with those of 3-hydroxybenzoic acid and melamine. Results confirm the selectivity of the electrochemical sensor. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to analyze the rebinding and recognition mechanism. The results of DFT calculations support the experimental findings. In conclusion, the polypyrrole-based MIP sensor exhibits higher selectivity and sensitivity toward salicylic acid detection compared to melamine and even to its isomer, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (3-HBA).
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies · Analytical chemistry methods development · Electrochemical Analysis and Applications

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania

Department of Electrochemical Material Science, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania

NanoTechnas─Center of Nanotechnology and Material Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University (VU), Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania

Biomedical Research Centre, Sumy State University, Kharkivska street 116, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine

Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia

Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University (VU), Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania

Funding

Lietuvos Mokslo Taryba

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