Nanozyme-Based Therapy in Gout

Despite the availability of numerous pharmacological agents for gout, conventional chemical therapies frequently provoke toxic adverse effects (e.g., hepatorenal toxicity), whereas uricolytic biologics exemplified by uricase-based formulations remain constrained by drug resistance and prohibitive costs. Gout persists as a therapeutically recalcitrant disorder characterized by recurrent flares, culminating in severe degradation of patient quality of life. Recent advances in nanozyme-based therapies have demonstrated substantial progress in managing inflammation-associated disorders, with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approving ferumoxytol (iron oxide nanoparticles) for human oral infections. This milestone has highlighted the therapeutic potential of nanozyme-mediated strategies for inflammatory comorbidities including gout. This comprehensive review delineates contemporary advancements in nanozyme-centric therapeutics, with particular emphasis on cutting-edge constructs engineered from monometallic species, metal oxides, carbon quantum dots, and hybrid nanocomposites. We further analyze diverse delivery modalities (administered via intra-articular, intravenous, and oral routes) that mechanistically disrupt gout pathogenesis through urate crystallization inhibition, inflammatory cascade modulation, and articular tissue regeneration. Finally, we critically evaluate the translational barriers impeding nanozyme-based gout therapeutics and propose integrative strategies to bridge preclinical innovation with clinical implementation.