High-Performance Flexible InAs Thin-Film Photodetector Arrays with Heteroepitaxial Growth Using an Abruptly Graded In_xAl_1–xAs Buffer

Current infrared thermal image sensors are mainly based on planar firm substrates, but the rigid form factor appears to restrain the versatility of their applications. For wearable health monitoring and implanted biomedical sensing, transfer of active device layers onto a flexible substrate is required while controlling the high-quality crystalline interface. Here, we demonstrate high-detectivity flexible InAs thin-film mid-infrared photodetector arrays through high-yield wafer bonding and a heteroepitaxial lift-off process. An abruptly graded In_xAl_1-xAs (0.5 < x < 1) buffer was found to drastically improve the lift-off interface morphology and reduce the threading dislocation density twice, compared to the conventional linear grading method. Also, our flexible InAs photodetectors showed excellent optical performance with high mechanical robustness, a peak room-temperature specific detectivity of 1.21 × 10⁹ cm-Hz^1/2/W at 3.4 μm, and excellent device reliability. This flexible InAs photodetector enabled by the heteroepitaxial lift-off method shows promise for next-generation thermal image sensors.