Toward Advanced High-Performance Insensitive FOX-7-like Energetic Materials via Positional Isomerization
Source abstract
Abstract
For an energetic molecule with a definite elemental composition, the substituent type and position are the most important factors to influence its detonation performance and mechanical sensitivities. In this work, two pairs of FOX-7-like energetic isomers based on (2 and HTz-FOX; 5 and 6) were synthesized and characterized. Through positional isomerization, advanced high-performance insensitive explosives were obtained. Compounds 2 and 5 with an amino group adjacent to the electron-withdrawing side of the ethene bridge show both higher thermal stability and lower mechanical sensitivities (2: Td = 258 °C, impact sensitivity (IS) = 25 J, and friction sensitivity (FS) = 300 N; 5: Td = 264 °C, IS = 30 J, and FS = 320 N). In addition, 2 shows ultrahigh detonation performance (Dv = 9224 m s–1 and P = 31.1 GPa). These promising physicochemical properties are comparable to those of HMX (Dv = 9193 m s–1, P = 37.8 GPa, Td = 275 °C, IS = 7.4 J, and FS = 120 N), which suggests that 2 may be a promising energetic material in future applications.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Energetic Materials and Combustion · Boron and Carbon Nanomaterials Research · Rocket and propulsion systems research
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing210094, China
Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho83844-2343, United States
Funding
Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province · Nanjing University of Science and Technology · National Natural Science Foundation of China
References (38)
Show source-provided references
1. 10.1021/jacs.1c0529210.1021/jacs.1c05292 ↗
2. 10.1038/s41467-017-00286-010.1038/s41467-017-00286-0 ↗
3. 10.1021/jacs.2c0099510.1021/jacs.2c00995 ↗
4. 10.1002/anie.20200748910.1002/anie.202007489 ↗
5. 10.1021/jacs.9b1132610.1021/jacs.9b11326 ↗
6. 10.1002/prep.20170018910.1002/prep.201700189 ↗
7. 10.1126/sciadv.abn317610.1126/sciadv.abn3176 ↗
8. 10.1039/D0TA03008B10.1039/D0TA03008B ↗
9. 10.1016/j.cej.2021.13239910.1016/j.cej.2021.132399 ↗
10. 10.1021/jacs.7b0515810.1021/jacs.7b05158 ↗
11. 10.1002/anie.20201420710.1002/anie.202014207 ↗
12. 10.1039/D0TA03010D10.1039/D0TA03010D ↗
13. 10.1021/jacs.6b0381910.1021/jacs.6b03819 ↗
14. 10.1016/j.cej.2020.12402710.1016/j.cej.2020.124027 ↗
15. 10.1016/j.mencom.2018.03.00710.1016/j.mencom.2018.03.007 ↗
16. 10.1021/acsami.0c0852610.1021/acsami.0c08526 ↗
17. 10.1021/ja01150a09910.1021/ja01150a099 ↗
18. 10.1016/S0040-4020(98)83040-810.1016/S0040-4020(98)83040-8 ↗
19. 10.1002/prep.1997022050210.1002/prep.19970220502 ↗
20. 10.1021/jacs.9b0696110.1021/jacs.9b06961 ↗
21. 10.1016/j.cej.2020.12814810.1016/j.cej.2020.128148 ↗
22. 10.1016/j.cej.2022.13659610.1016/j.cej.2022.136596 ↗
23. 10.1016/j.eng.2020.01.01310.1016/j.eng.2020.01.013 ↗
24. 10.1039/C8TA09176E10.1039/C8TA09176E ↗
25. 10.1002/prep.20160006810.1002/prep.201600068 ↗
26. 10.1039/D0NJ05152G10.1039/D0NJ05152G ↗
27. 10.1016/j.cej.2022.13653910.1016/j.cej.2022.136539 ↗
28. 10.1016/j.cej.2021.12899010.1016/j.cej.2021.128990 ↗
29. 10.1021/jacs.0c0164010.1021/jacs.0c01640 ↗
30. 10.1016/j.enmf.2022.03.00210.1016/j.enmf.2022.03.002 ↗
31. 10.1038/s41467-018-04897-z10.1038/s41467-018-04897-z ↗
32. Frisch, M. J.; Trucks, G. W.; Schlegel, H. B.; Scuseria, G. E.; Robb, M. A.; Cheeseman, J. R.; Scalmani, G.; Barone, V.; Mennucci, B.; Petersson, G. A.; Nakatsuji, H.; Caricato, M.; Li, X.; Hratchian, H. P.; Izmaylov, A. F.; Bloino, J.; Zheng, G.; Sonnenberg, J. L.; Hada, M.; Ehara, M.; Toyota, K.; Fukuda, R.; Hasegawa, J.; Ishida, M.; Nakajima, T.; Honda, Y.; Kitao, O.; Nakai, H.; Vreven, T.; Montgomery, J. A., Jr.; Peralta, J. E.; Ogliaro, F.; Bearpark, M.; Heyd, J. J.; Brothers, E.; Kudin, K. N.; Staroverov, V. N.; Keith, T.; Kobayashi, R.; Normand, J.; Raghavachari, K.; Rendell, A.; Burant, J. C.; Iyengar, S. S.; Tomasi, J.; Cossi, M.; Rega, N.; Millam, J. M.; Klene, M.; Knox, J. E.; Cross, J. B.; Bakken, V.; Adamo, C.; Jaramillo, J.; Gomperts, R.; Stratmann, R. E.; Yazyev, O.; Austin, A. J.; Cammi, R.; Pomelli, C.; Ochterski, J. W.; Martin, R. L.; Morokuma, K.; Zakrzewski, V. G.; Voth, G. A.; Salvador, P.; Dannenberg, J. J.; Dapprich, S.; Daniels, A. D.; Farkas, O.; Foresman, J. B.; Ortiz, J. V.; Cioslowski, J.; Fox, D. J. Gaussian, Inc.: Wallingford CT, 2013.
33. (a) United Nations. Recommendations On the Transport of Dangerous Goods. Manual of Tests and Criteria, 5th revised ed., 2009.
34. (b)13.4.2 Test 3 (a) (ii) BAMFallhammer, p 75.
35. (c)13.5.1 Test 3 (b) (i) BAM friction apparatus, p 104.
36. 10.1039/B818330A10.1039/B818330A ↗
37. 10.1002/jcc.2288510.1002/jcc.22885 ↗
38. 10.1002/ejic.20140296010.1002/ejic.201402960 ↗