IrO₂ Nanoparticle-Decorated Ir-Doped W₁₈O₄₉ Nanowires with High Mass Specific OER Activity for Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) severely limits the efficiency of proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers due to slow reaction kinetics. IrO 2 is currently a commonly used anode catalyst, but its large-scale application is limited due to its high price and scarce reserves. Herein, we reported a practical strategy to construct an acid OER catalyst where Iridium oxide loading and iridium element bulk doping are realized on the surface and inside of W 18 O 49 nanowires by immersion adsorption, respectively. Specifically, W 0.7 Ir 0.3 O y has an overpotential of 278 mV at 10 mA·cm –2 in 0.1 M HClO 4 . The mass activity of 714.10 A·g Ir –1 at 1.53 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) is 80 times that of IrO 2, and it can run stably for 55 h. In the PEM water electrolyzer device, its mass activity reaches 3563.63 A·g Ir –1 at the cell voltage of 2.0 V. This improved catalytic performance is attributed to the following aspects: (1) The electron transport between iridium and tungsten effectively improves the electronic structure of the catalyst; (2) the introduction of iridium into W 18 O 49 by means of elemental bulk doping and nanoparticles supporting for the enhanced conductivity and electrochemically active surface area of the catalyst, resulting in extensive exposure of active sites and increased intrinsic activity; and (3) during the OER process, partial iridium elements in the bulk phase are precipitated, and iridium oxide is formed on the surface to maintain stable activity. This work provides a new idea for designing oxygen evolution catalysts with low iridium content for practical application in PEM electrolyzers.