Designed Architecture of Multiscale Porous TiO₂ Nanofibers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Photoanode

Multiscale porous (MSP) TiO(2) nanofibers (NFs) were fabricated using a simple electrospinning and etching process with TiO(2)/SiO(2) composite NFs for high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). TiO(2) NFs with different pore sizes (small, large, and multiscale) were prepared using SiO(2) nanoparticles of various sizes. The surface area of the MSP TiO(2) NFs was nine times higher than that of pristine TiO(2) NFs, providing sufficient dye adsorption for light harvesting as well as efficient paths for electrolyte contact. Moreover, the one-dimensional structure provides efficient light scattering and fast electron transport. As a result, DSSCs exhibited an enhanced current density (J(sc)) of 16.3 mA cm(-2) and a high photoconversion efficiency (η) of 8.5%, greater than those of conventional photoelectrodes made of TiO(2) nanoparticles (J(sc) of 12.0 mA cm(-2) and η of 6.0 %).