Anionic Surfactant-Triggered Steiner Geometrical Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Nanofiber/Nanonet Air Filter for Efficient Particulate Matter Removal

The emergence of Steiner minimal tree is of fundamental importance, and designing such geometric structure and developing its application have practical effect in material engineering and biomedicine. We used a cutting-edge nanotechnology, electrospinning/netting, to generate a Steiner geometrical poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofiber/nanonet filter for removing airborne particulate matter (PM). Manipulation of surface morphologies by precise control of charged situation enabled the creation of two-dimensional nanonets with Steiner geometry. A significant crystalline phase transition of PVDF from α-phase to β-phase was triggered by the dipole orientation and the intermolecular interactions derived from the electrostatic potential analysis. Particularly, the synergy of electrical interaction (ion–dipole and dipole–dipole) and hydrophobic interaction facilitated the formation of Steiner geometric structure during the evolution process of nanonets. The resultant PVDF nanofiber/nanonet air filter exhibited high filtration efficiency of 99.985% and low pressure drop of 66.7 Pa under the airflow velocity of 32 L/min for PM0.26 removal by the safest physical sieving mechanism. Furthermore, such filter possessed robust structure integrity for reusability, comparable optical transmittance, superior thermal stability, and prominent purification capacity for smoke PM2.5. The successful construction of such fascinating Steiner geometrical PVDF nanonets will provide new insights into the design and exploitation of novel filter media for air cleaning and haze treatment.