Study of Dielectric Relaxation Dynamics and Transport Properties of Nd³⁺-Substituted Bismuth Ferrite Ceramics for Energy Storage Applications

This research article focuses on analyzing the behavior of high-temperature dielectric relaxation and electric conduction mechanisms in Bi 1– x Nd x FeO 3 (BNFO) samples, where the value of x varies as 0, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.2. The study’s findings indicate that all these samples exhibit two distinct dielectric transitions. The first transition occurs at a lower temperature ( T s ), typically in the range of 425 to 450 K, and is characterized by a frequency-dependent shoulder. This transition is associated with the presence of polar nanoregions (PNRs). The second transition takes place within a temperature range of approximately 580 to 650 K, marking the transition from a ferroelectric to a paraelectric state at the Curie temperature ( T C ). Furthermore, impedance analysis of the specimens reveals a negative temperature coefficient of resistance, indicating a wide range of relaxation behavior that does not conform to the Debye-type model. Additionally, the study of conductivity provides valuable insights into the transport phenomena observed in these samples. The obtained energy storage properties of these bulk ceramics are quite significant compared to the similar systems reported in the literature.