journal article·2023-04-10Open access

3D Perovskite Passivation with a Benzotriazole-Based 2D Interlayer for High-Efficiency Solar Cells

Alessandro Caiazzo, Arthur Maufort, Bas T. van Gorkom, Willemijn H. M. Remmerswaal, Jordi Ferrer Orri, Junyu Li, Junke Wang, Wouter T. M. van Gompel, Kristof Van Hecke, Gunnar Kusch, R. A. Oliver, Caterina Ducati, Laurence Lutsen, Martijn M. Wienk, Samuel D. Stranks, Dirk Vanderzande, René A. J. Janssen

ACS Applied Energy Materials· Volume 6· Issue 7

Abstract

High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide 2H-Benzotriazol-2-ylethylammonium bromide and iodide and its difluorinated derivatives are synthesized and employed as interlayers for passivation of formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI 3 ) solar cells. In combination with PbI 2 and PbBr 2, these benzotriazole derivatives form two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites (RPPs) as evidenced by their crystal structures and thin film characteristics. When used to passivate n–i–p FAPbI 3 solar cells, the power conversion efficiency improves from 20% to close to 22% by enhancing the open-circuit voltage. Quasi-Fermi level splitting experiments and scanning electron microscopy cathodoluminescence hyperspectral imaging reveal that passivation provides a reduced nonradiative recombination at the interface between the perovskite and hole transport layer. Photoluminescence spectroscopy, angle-resolved grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, and depth profiling X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of the 2D/three-dimensional (3D) interface between the benzotriazole RPP and FAPbI 3 show that a nonuniform layer of 2D perovskites is enough to passivate defects, enhance charge extraction, and decrease nonradiative recombination.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Perovskite Materials and Applications · Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties · Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands

Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hybrid Materials Design, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium

Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom

Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom

Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom

XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium

Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands

Funding

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council · Universiteit Hasselt · Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek · Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap · Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek

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