Manganite (La $$1-x$$ 1 - x A $$x$$ x MnO $$3$$ 3 ; A = Sr, Ca) nanowires with adaptable stoichiometry grown by hydrothermal method: understanding of growth mechanism using spatially resolved techniques
Source abstract
Abstract
We report an investigation to understand the basic growth mechanism of family of perovskite oxide manganite of La $$1-x$$ A $$x$$ MnO $$3,$$ (where A = Ca, Sr; x = 0.3 and 0.5) nanostructures in cost-effective hydrothermal route, which adds a new dimension in the low-temperature range (230–300 °C) synthesis route of complex oxide system. We adapt size, shape, and composition control issues in different doping regimes by means of a simple common synthesis route and tuning the ground state property of nanostructures of complex oxide manganite system. The general principle of growth of nanocrystals and its controllable length scale tailoring are explained and most importantly, how the amount of mineralizer tunes the shape and size of the nanostructures has been discussed. Mechanism of shape and size tuning followed by a phase diagram has been proposed. The quality of the grown nanowires was confirmed by the number of physical property studies, both in ensemble and single nanowire level, using spatially resolved tools and techniques. Understanding of detailed interaction mechanisms of perovskite oxide manganite is definitely promising for rationally designing various kinds of inorganic materials in controllable length scale via wet chemistry route.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials · Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides · Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (73)
Show source-provided references
1. Ayyub P, Palkar VR, Chattopadhyay S, Multani M (1995) Effect of crystal size reduction on lattice symmetry and cooperative properties. Phys Rev B 51:6135–613810.1103/PhysRevB.51.6135 ↗
2. Nath A, Khare A (2011) Size induced structural modifications in copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized via laser ablation in liquids. J Appl Phys 110:043111–04311610.1063/1.3626463 ↗
3. Rabuffetti AF, Brutchey LR (2012) Structural evolution of BaTiO $$3$$ 3 nanocrystals synthesized at room temperature. J Am Chem Soc 134:9475–948710.1021/ja303184w ↗
4. Sarkar T, Ghosh B, Raychaudhuri AK, Chatterji T (2008) Crystal structure and physical properties of half-doped manganite nanocrystals of less than 100 nm size. Phys Rev B 77:235112–23511810.1103/PhysRevB.77.235112 ↗
5. Neumeier JJ, Hundley MF, Thompson JD, Heffner RH (1995) Substantial pressure effects on the electrical resistivity and ferromagnetic transition temperature of La $$1-x$$ 1 - x Ca $$x$$ x MnO $$3$$ 3 . Phys Rev B 52:R7006–R700910.1103/PhysRevB.52.R7006 ↗
6. Moritomo Y, Kuwahara H, Tomioka Y, Tokura Y (1997) Pressure effects on charge-ordering transitions in Perovskite manganites. Phys Rev B 55:7549–755610.1103/PhysRevB.55.7549 ↗
7. Irani KS, Sinha APB, Biswas AB (1962) Effect of temperature on the structure of manganites. J Phys Chem Solids 23:711–72710.1016/0022-3697(62)90530-9 ↗
8. Shankar KS, Kar S, Subbanna GN, Raychaudhuri AK (2004) Fabrication of ordered array of nanowires of La $$0.67$$ 0.67 Ca $$0.33$$ 0.33 MnO $$3$$ 3 ( $$x$$ x =0.33) in alumina templates with enhanced ferromagnetic transition temperature. Appl Phys Lett 84:993–99510.1063/1.1646761 ↗
9. F $$\ddot{a}$$ a ¨ th M, Freisem S, Menovsky AA, Tomioka Y, Aarts J, Mydosh JA (1999) Spatially inhomogeneous metal-insulator transition in doped manganites. Science 285:1540–154210.1126/science.285.5433.1540 ↗
10. Ghosh K, Ogale SB, Ramesh R, Greene RL, Venkatesan T, Gapchup KM, Ravi Bathe, Patil SI (1999) Transition-element doping effects in La $$0.7$$ 0.7 Ca $$0.3$$ 0.3 MnO $$3$$ 3 . Phys Rev B 59:533–53710.1103/PhysRevB.59.533 ↗
11. Sarkar T, Raychaudhuri AK, Bera AK, Yusuf SM (2010) Effect of size reduction on the ferromagnetism of the manganite La $$1-x$$ 1 - x Ca $$x$$ x MnO $$3$$ 3 ( $$x$$ x = 0.33). New J Phys 12:123026-123046 (21pp)10.1088/1367-2630/12/12/123026 ↗
12. Andr $$\acute{e}$$ e ´ s AD, Rubio J, Castro G, Taboada S, Mart $$\acute{i}$$ i ´ ne JL, Colino JM (2003) Structural and magnetic properties of ultrathin epitaxial La $$0.7$$ 0.7 Ca $$0.3$$ 0.3 MnO $$3$$ 3 manganite films: strain versus finite size effects. Appl Phys Lett 83:713–71510.1063/1.1594838 ↗
13. Tokura Y (2000) Colossal magnetoresistive oxides. Gordon and Breach, Amsterdam10.1201/9781482287493 ↗
14. Coey JMD, Viret M, von Molnar S (1999) Mixed-valence manganites. Adv Phys 48:167–29310.1080/000187399243455 ↗
15. Sarkar T, Ghosh B, Raychaudhuri AK (2007) Effect of size reduction on charge ordering in La $$0.5$$ 0.5 Ca $$0.5$$ 0.5 MnO $$3$$ 3 . J Nanosci Nanotechnol 7:2020–202410.1166/jnn.2007.761 ↗
16. Das H, Sangiovanni G, Valli A, Held K, Saha-Dasgupta T (2011) Size control of charge-orbital order in half-doped manganite La $$0.5$$ 0.5 Ca $$0.5$$ 0.5 MnO $$3$$ 3 . Phys Rev Lett 107:197202–19720510.1103/PhysRevLett.107.197202 ↗
17. Valli A, Das H, Sangiovanni G, Saha-Dasgupta T, Held K (2015) Tunable site- and orbital-selective Mott transition and quantum confinement effects in La $$0.5$$ 0.5 Ca $$0.5$$ 0.5 MnO $$3$$ 3 nanoclusters. Phys Rev B 92:115143–11514910.1103/PhysRevB.92.115143 ↗
18. Ghosh B, Siruguri V, Raychaudhuri AK, Chatterji T (2014) Effect of size reduction on the structural and magnetic order in LaMnO $$3+\delta $$ 3 + δ ( $$\delta \sim $$ δ ∼ 0.03) nanocrystals: a neutron diffraction study. J Phys Condens Matter 26:025603–02561110.1088/0953-8984/26/2/025603 ↗
19. Chandra S, Biswas A, Datta S, Ghosh B, Raychaudhuri AK, Srikanth H (2013) Inverse magnetocaloric and exchange bias effects in single crystalline La $$0.5$$ 0.5 Sr $$0.5$$ 0.5 MnO $$3$$ 3 nanowires. Nanotechnology 24:505712–50572010.1088/0957-4484/24/50/505712 ↗
20. Datta S, Samanta S, Ghosh B, Raychaudhuri AK (2014) Low-frequency resistance fluctuations in a single nanowire (diameter $$\sim $$ ∼ 45nm) of a complex oxide and its relation to magnetic transitions and phase separation. Appl Phys Lett 105:073117–07312010.1063/1.4893756 ↗
21. Burda C, Chen X, Narayanan R, El- Sayed MA (2005) Chemistry and properties of nanocrystals of different shapes. Chem Rev 105:1025–110210.1021/cr030063a ↗
22. Peng X, Manna L, Yang W, Wickham J, Scher E, Kadavanich A, Alivisatos AP (2000) Shape control of CdSe nanocrystals. Nature 404:59–6110.1038/35003535 ↗
23. Chen XZ, Qiu ZC, Zhou JP, Zhu G, Bian XB, Liu P (2011) Large-scale growth and shape evolution of bismuth ferrite particles with a hydrothermal method. Mater Chem Phys 126:560–56710.1016/j.matchemphys.2011.01.027 ↗
24. Ding B, Shi M, Chen F, Zhou R, Deng M, Wang M, Chen H (2009) Shape-controlled syntheses of Pb S submicro-/nano-crystals via hydrothermal method. J Cryst Growth 311:1533–153810.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.01.086 ↗
25. Zhu TJ, Chen X, Cao YQ, Zhao XB (2009) Controllable synthesis and shape evolution of PbTe three-dimensional hierarchical superstructures via an alkaline hydrothermal method. J Phys Chem C 113:8085–809110.1021/jp900452b ↗
26. Zhang Q, Liu SJ, Yu SH (2009) Recent advances in oriented attachment growth and synthesis of functional materials: concept, evidence, mechanism, and future. J Mater Chem 19:191–20710.1039/B807760F ↗
27. Zhang J, Huang F, Lin Z (2010) Progress of nanocrystalline growth kinetics based on oriented attachment. Nanoscale 2:18–3410.1039/B9NR00047J ↗
28. Xia Y, Yang P, Sun Y, Wu Y, Mayers B, Gates B, Yin Y, Kim F, Yan H (2003) One dimensional nanostructures:synthesis, characterization and applications. Adv Mater 15:353–38910.1002/adma.200390087 ↗
29. Huang K, Yuan L, Feng S (2015) Crystal facet tailoring arts in perovskite oxides. Inorg Chem Front 2:965–98110.1039/C5QI00168D ↗
30. Rao SS, Anuradha K, Sarangi S, Bhat SV (2005) Weakening of charge order and antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic switch over in Pr $$0.5$$ 0.5 Ca $$0.5$$ 0.5 MnO $$3$$ 3 nanowires. Appl Phys Lett 87:182503–18250510.1063/1.2125129 ↗
31. Zhu D, Zhu H, Zhang YH (2002) Hydrothermal synthesis of single-crystal La $$0.5$$ 0.5 Sr $$0.5$$ 0.5 MnO $$3$$ 3 nanowire under mild conditions. J Phys Cond Mat 14:L519–L52410.1088/0953-8984/14/27/102 ↗
32. Zhang T, Jin CG, Qian T, Lu XL, Bai JM, Li XG (2004) Hydrothermal synthesis of single-crystalline La $$0.5$$ 0.5 Ca $$0.5$$ 0.5 MnO $$3$$ 3 nanowires at low temperature. J Mater Chem 14:2787–278910.1039/b405288a ↗
33. Zhu D, Zhu H, Zhang Y (2002) Hydrothermal synthesis of La $$0.5$$ 0.5 Ba $$0.5$$ 0.5 MnO $$3$$ 3 nanowires. Appl Phys Lett 80:1634–163610.1063/1.1455690 ↗
34. Liu J, Wang H, Zhu M, Wang B, Yan H (2003) Synthesis of La $$0.5$$ 0.5 A $$0.5$$ 0.5 MnO $$3$$ 3 (A = Sr, Ba) by a hydrothermal method at low temperature. Mater Res Bull 38:817–82210.1016/S0025-5408(03)00045-X ↗
35. Zhu D, Zhu H, Zhanga Y (2003) Microstructure and magnetization of single-crystal perovskite manganites nanowires prepared by hydrothermal method. J Cryst Growth 249:172–17510.1016/S0022-0248(02)02064-X ↗
36. Suvorova EI, Stadelmann PA, Buffat PA (2004) HRTEM simulation in determination of thickness and grain misorientation for hydroxyapatite. Cryst Crystallogr Rep 49:343–35210.1134/1.1756632 ↗
37. Datta S, Chandra S, Samanta S, Das K, Srikanth H, Ghosh B (2013) Growth and physical property study of single nanowire (diameter $$\sim $$ ∼ 45nm) of half doped manganite. J Nanomater 2013:162315–16232010.1155/2013/162315 ↗
38. Datta S, Ghosh B (2015) Critical behavior near the ferromagnetic paramagnetic phase transition in La $$0.7$$ 0.7 Sr $$0.3$$ 0.3 MnO $$3+d$$ 3 + d nanowires synthesized by hydrothermal method. AIP Conf Proc 1665:050045–05004710.1063/1.4917686 ↗
39. Stadelmann PA (1987) EMS—a software package for electron diffraction analysis and HREM image simulation in materials science. Utramicroscopy 21:131–14610.1016/0304-3991(87)90080-5 ↗
40. Liu Y, Sellmyer DJ, Robertson BW, Shan ZS, Liou HS (1995) High resolution electron microscopy and nano-probe study of CoSm // Cr films. IEEE Trans Magn 31:2740–274210.1109/20.490109 ↗
41. http://www.ill.eu/sites/fullprof/
42. Hibble SJ, Cooper SP, Hannon AC, Fawcett ID, Greenblatt M (1999) Local distortions in the colossal magnetoresistive manganates La $$0.7$$ 0.7 Ca $$0.3$$ 0.3 MnO $$3$$ 3 , La $$0.8$$ 0.8 Ca $$0.2$$ 0.2 MnO $$3$$ 3 and La $$0.7$$ 0.7 Sr $$0.3$$ 0.3 MnO $$3$$ 3 revealed by total neutron diffraction. J Phys Condens Matter 11:9221–923810.1088/0953-8984/11/47/308 ↗
43. Radaelli PG, Cox DE, Marezio M, Cheong SW (1997) Charge, orbital, and magnetic ordering in La $$0.5$$ 0.5 Ca $$0.5$$ 0.5 MnO $$3$$ 3 . Phys Rev B 55:3015–302310.1103/PhysRevB.55.3015 ↗
44. Urban JJ, Ouyang L, Jo MH, Wang DS, Park H (2004) Synthesis of single-crystalline La $$1-x$$ 1 - x Ba $$x$$ x MnO $$3$$ 3 nanocubes with adjustable doping levels. Nano Lett 4:1547–155010.1021/nl049266k ↗
45. Loudon JC, Mathur ND, Midgley PA (2002) Charge-ordered ferromagnetic phase in La $$0.5$$ 0.5 Ca $$0.5$$ 0.5 MnO $$3$$ 3 . Nature 420:797–80010.1038/nature01299 ↗
46. Blasco J, Garc $$\acute{i}$$ i ´ a J, de Teresa JM, Ibarra MR, Algarabel PA, Marquina C (1996) A systematic study of structural, magnetic and electrical properties of $$(\text{La}1-x\text{ Tb }x)2/3$$ ( La 1 - x Tb x ) 2 / 3 Ca $$1/3$$ 1 / 3 MnO $$3$$ 3 perovskites. J Phys Condens Matter 8:7427–744210.1088/0953-8984/8/40/008 ↗
47. Aguirre MH, Canulescu S, Robert R, Homazava N, Logvinovich D, Bocher L, Lippert T, D $$\ddot{o}$$ o ¨ beli M, Weidenkaff A (2008) Structure, microstructure, and high-temperature transport properties of La $$1-x$$ 1 - x Ca $$x$$ x MnO $$3-\delta $$ 3 - δ thin films and polycrystalline bulk materials. J Appl Phys 103:013703–01370810.1063/1.2826950 ↗
48. Weidenkaff A, Aguirre MH, Lippert T, Falke U, Bangert U (2006) Structure and composition of nanoscopic domains in functional perovskite-type materials. Chimia 60:742–74810.2533/chimia.2006.742 ↗
49. Egerton RF (2009) Electron energy-loss spectroscopy in the TEM. Rep Prog Phys 72:016502–01652710.1088/0034-4885/72/1/016502 ↗
50. Levy P, Parisi F, Polla G, Vega D, Leyva G, Lanza H, Freitas RS, Ghivelder L (2000) Controlled phase separation in La $$0.5$$ 0.5 Ca $$0.5$$ 0.5 MnO $$3$$ 3 . Phys Rev B 62:6437–644110.1103/PhysRevB.62.6437 ↗
51. Jir $$\acute{a}$$ a ´ k Z, Hejtm $$\acute{a}$$ a ´ nek J, Kn $$\acute{i}$$ i ´ žek K, Maryško M, Š $$\acute{i}$$ i ´ ma V, Sonntag R (2000) Ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic transition in tetragonal La $$0.5$$ 0.5 Sr $$0.5$$ 0.5 MnO $$3$$ 3 . J Magn Magn Mater 217:113–119
52. Caswell KK, Bender CM, Murphy CJ (2003) Seedless, surfactantless wet chemical synthesis of silver nanowires. Nano Lett 3:667–66910.1021/nl0341178 ↗
53. Guyodo Y, Mostrom A, Penn RL, Banerjee SK (2003) From nanodots to nanorods: oriented aggregation and magnetic evolution of nanocrystalline goethite. Geophys Res Lett 30:1512–151510.1029/2003GL017021 ↗
54. Zhang J, Lin Z, Lan Y, Ren G, Chen D, Huang F, Hong M (2006) A multistep oriented attachment kinetics: coarsening of ZnS nanoparticle in concentrated NaOH. J Am Chem Soc 128:12981–1298710.1021/ja062572a ↗
55. Li C, Bai T, Li F, Wang L, Wu X, Yuan L, Shi Z, Feng S (2013) Growth orientation, shape evolution of monodisperse PbSe nanocrystals and their use in optoelectronic devices. Cryst Eng Comm 15:597–60310.1039/C2CE26516H ↗
56. Liu G, Gui H, Pan YJ, Yang YQ, Lu GQ, Cheng HM (2014) Titanium dioxide crystals with tailored facets. Chem Rev 114:9559–961210.1021/cr400621z ↗
57. Ribeiro C, Barrado CM, Camargo EM, Longo E, Leite ER (2009) Phase transformation in titania nanocrystals by the oriented attachment mechanism: the role of the pH value. Chem Eur J 15:2217–222210.1002/chem.200801019 ↗
58. Wang Y, Zhang J, Yang Y, Huang F, Zheng J, Chen D, Yan F, Lin Z, Wang C (2007) NaOH concentration effect on the oriented attachment growth kinetics of ZnS. J Phys Chem B 111:5290–529410.1021/jp0688613 ↗
59. Querejeta A, Varela A, Parras M, del Monte F, Garc $$\acute{i}$$ i ´ a-Hern $$\acute{a}$$ a ´ ndez M, Gonz $$\acute{a}$$ a ´ lez-Calbet JM (2009) Hydrothermal synthesis: a suitable route to elaborate nanomanganites. Chem Mater 21:1898–190510.1021/cm9001306 ↗
60. Miller DJ, Hawthorne SB, Gizir AM, Clifford AA (1998) Solubility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in subcritical water from 298 K to 498 K. J Chem Eng Data 43:1043–104710.1021/je980094g ↗
61. Rabenau A (1985) The role of hydrothermal synthesis in preparative chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 24:1026–104010.1002/anie.198510261 ↗
62. Spooren J, Walton RI, Millange F (2005) A study of the manganites La $$0.5$$ 0.5 M $$0.5$$ 0.5 MnO $$3$$ 3 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. J Mater Chem 15:1542–155110.1039/b417003b ↗
63. Spooren J, Walton RI (2005) Hydrothermal synthesis of the perovskite manganites Pr $$0.5$$ 0.5 Sr $$0.5$$ 0.5 MnO $$3$$ 3 and Nd $$0.5$$ 0.5 Sr $$0.5$$ 0.5 MnO $$3$$ 3 and alkali-earth manganese oxides CaMn $$2$$ 2 O $$4$$ 4 , 4H-SrMnO $$3$$ 3 , and 2H-BaMnO $$3$$ 3 . J Solid State Chem 178:1683–169110.1016/j.jssc.2005.03.006 ↗
64. Li C, Li T, Wang B, Yan H (2006) Synthesis of La $$1-x$$ 1 - x Sr $$x$$ x MnO $$3$$ 3 cubic crystals with adjustable doping levels. J Cryst Growth 295:137–14010.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.06.005 ↗
65. Liang S, Teng F, Bulgan G, Zhu Y (2007) Effect of Jahn-Teller distortion in La $$0.5$$ 0.5 Sr $$0.5$$ 0.5 MnO $$3$$ 3 cubes and nanoparticles on the catalytic oxidation of CO and CH $$4$$ 4 . J Phys Chem C 111:16742–1674910.1021/jp074934m ↗
66. Chai P, Liu X, Wang Z, Lu M, Cao X, Meng J (2007) Tunable synthesis, growth mechanism, and magnetic properties of La $$0.5$$ 0.5 Ba $$0.5$$ 0.5 MnO $$3$$ 3 . Cryst Growth Des 7:2568–257510.1021/cg070523j ↗
67. Spooren J, Rumplecker A, Millange F, Walton RI (2003) Subcritical hydrothermal synthesis of perovskite manganites: a direct and rapid route to complex transition-metal oxides. Chem Mater 15:1401–140310.1021/cm0213366 ↗
68. Penn RL, Banfield JF (1998) Imperfect oriented attachment: dislocation generation in defect-free nanocrystals. Science 281:969–97110.1126/science.281.5379.969 ↗
69. Lv W, He W, Wang X, Niu Y, Cao H, Dickerson JH, Wang Z (2014) Understanding the oriented-attachment growth of nanocrystals from an energy point of view: a review. Nanoscale 6:2531–254710.1039/C3NR04717B ↗
70. Cao G (2004) Nanostructures & nanomaterials: synthesis, properties, & applications. Imperial College Press, London10.1142/p305 ↗
71. Kwon SG, Hyeon T (2008) Colloidal chemical synthesis and formation kinetics of uniformly sized nanocrystals of metals, oxides, and chalcogenides. Acc Chem Res 41:1696–170910.1021/ar8000537 ↗
72. Zhu K, Cao Y, Wang X, Bai L, Qiu J, Ji H (2012) Hydrothermal synthesis of sodium niobate with controllable shape and structure. Cryst Eng Comm 14:411–41610.1039/C1CE06100C ↗
73. Liu B, Hu B, Du Z (2011) Hydrothermal synthesis and magnetic properties of single-crystalline BiFeO $$3$$ 3 nanowires. Chem Commun 47:8166–816810.1039/c1cc11896j ↗