DFT modelling of the edge dislocation in 4H-SiC
Source abstract
Abstract
We have presented ab initio study, based on density functional theory methods, of full-core edge dislocation impact on basic properties of 4H-SiC semiconductor. To enable calculations in periodic boundary conditions, we have proposed geometry with two dislocations with opposite Burgers vectors. For this geometry, which determines the distance between dislocations, we have estimated the creation energy per unit length of a single-edge dislocation. The radial distribution function has been used to assess the effect of the dislocations on the local crystal structure. The analysis of the electronic structure reveals mid-gap p states induced by broken atomic bonds in the dislocation core. The maps of charge distribution and electrostatic potential have been calculated, and the significant decrease in the electrostatic barriers in the vicinity of the dislocation cores has been quantified. The obtained results have been discussed in the light of previous findings and calculations based mainly on phenomenological models.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies · Semiconductor materials and interfaces · Graphene research and applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (54)
Show source-provided references
1. Zolper JC, Skowronski M (2005) Advances in silicon carbide electronics. MRS Bull 30:273–27810.1557/mrs2005.73 ↗
2. Choyke WJ, Matsunami H, Pensl G (eds) (2004) Silicon carbide: recent major advances. Springer, Berlin
3. Bechstedt F, Käckell P (1995) Heterocrystalline structures: new types of superlattices? Phys Rev Lett 75:2180–218310.1103/PhysRevLett.75.2180 ↗
4. Neudeck PG (2000) Electrical impact of SiC structural crystal defects on high electric field devices. Mater Sci Forum 338–342:1161–116610.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.338-342.1161 ↗
5. Singh R (2006) Reliability and performance limitations in SiC power devices. Microelectron Reliab 46:713–73010.1016/j.microrel.2005.10.013 ↗
6. Chen Y, Zhang N, Huang XR, Black DR, Dudley M (2008) Studies of the distribution of elementary threading screw dislocations in 4H silicon carbide wafer. Mater Sci Forum 600–603:301–30410.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.600-603.301 ↗
7. Ishikawa Y, Sugawara Y, Saitoh H, Danno K, Suzuki H, Bessho T, Kawai Y, Shibata N (2012) Microscopic structure of stepwise threading dislocation in 4H-SiC substrate. Jpn J Appl Phys 51:04130110.7567/JJAP.51.041301 ↗
8. Berechman RA, Skowronski M, Soloviev S, Sandvik P (2010) Electrical characterization of 4H-SiC avalanche photodiodes containing threading edge and screw dislocations. J Appl Phys 107:11450410.1063/1.3432663 ↗
9. Maximenko S, Soloviev S, Cherednichenko D, Sudarshan T (2004) Electron-beam-induced current observed for dislocations in diffused 4H-SiC P-N diodes. Appl Phys Lett 84:1576–157810.1063/1.1652229 ↗
10. Maximenko SI, Freitas JA, Myers-Ward RL, Lew K-K, VanMil BL, Eddy CR, Gaskill DK, Muzykov PG, Sudarshan TS (2010) Effect of threading screw and edge dislocations on transport properties of 4H-SiC homoepitaxial layers. J Appl Phys 108:01370810.1063/1.3448230 ↗
11. Shockley W (1953) Some predicted effects of temperature gradients on diffusion in crystals. Phys Rev 91:1563–156410.1103/PhysRev.91.1563 ↗
12. Pearson GL, Read WT, Morin FJ (1954) Dislocations in plastically deformed germanium. Phys Rev 93:666–66710.1103/PhysRev.93.666 ↗
13. Schröter W, Kronewitz J, Gnauert U, Riedel F, Seibt M (1995) Bandlike and localized states at extended defects in silicon. Phys Rev B 52:13726–1372910.1103/PhysRevB.52.13726 ↗
14. Celli V, Gold A, Thomson R (1962) Electronic states on dislocations in semiconductors. Phys Rev Lett 8:96–9710.1103/PhysRevLett.8.96 ↗
15. Danno K, Nakamura D, Kimoto T (2007) Investigation of carrier lifetime in 4H-SiC epilayers and lifetime control by electron irradiation. Appl Phys Lett 90:20210910.1063/1.2740580 ↗
16. Sasaki S, Kawahara K, Feng G, Alfieri G, Kimoto T (2011) Major deep levels with the same microstructures observed in n-type 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC. J Appl Phys 109:01370510.1063/1.3528124 ↗
17. Duesbery MS, Joos B, Michel DJ (1991) Dislocation core studies in empirical silicon models. Phys Rev B 43:5143–514610.1103/PhysRevB.43.5143 ↗
18. Bigger JRK, McInnes DA, Sutton AP, Payne MC, Stich I, King-Smith RD, Bird DM, Clarke LJ (1992) Atomic and electronic structures of the 90 degree partial dislocation in silicon. Phys Rev Lett 69:2224–222710.1103/PhysRevLett.69.2224 ↗
19. Arias TA, Joannopoulos JD (1994) Ab initio theory of dislocation interactions: From close-range spontaneous annihilation to the long-range continuum limit. Phys Rev Lett 73:680–68310.1103/PhysRevLett.73.680 ↗
20. Blase X, Lin K, Canning A, Louie SG, Chrzan DC (2000) Structure and energy of the 90 degree partial dislocation in diamond: a combined ab initio and elasticity theory analysis. Phys Rev Lett 84:5780–578310.1103/PhysRevLett.84.5780 ↗
21. Cai W, Bulatov VV, Chang J, Li J, Yip S (2001) Anisotropic elastic interactions of a periodic dislocation array. Phys Rev Lett 86:5727–573010.1103/PhysRevLett.86.5727 ↗
22. Kontsevoi OY, Gornostyrev YN, Mryasov ON, Freeman AJ, Katsnelson MI, Trefilov AV (2001) Electron localization on dislocations in metals: real-space first-principles calculations. Phys Rev B 64:13410310.1103/PhysRevB.64.134103 ↗
23. Lee SM, Belkhir MA, Zhu XY, Lee YH, Hwang YG, Frauenheim T (2000) Electronic structures of GaN edge dislocations. Phys Rev B 61:16033–1603910.1103/PhysRevB.61.16033 ↗
24. Lymperakis L, Neugebauer J, Albrecht M, Remmele T, Strunk HP (2004) Strain induced deep electronic states around threading dislocations in GaN. Phys Rev Lett 93:19640110.1103/PhysRevLett.93.196401 ↗
25. You JH, Johnson HT (2007) Effect of threading edge dislocations on the photoluminescence spectra for $$n$$ n -type wurtzite GaN. Phys Rev B 76:11533610.1103/PhysRevB.76.115336 ↗
26. Elsner J, Jones R, Heggie MI, Sitch PK, Haugk M, Frauenheim T, Öberg S, Briddon PR (1998) Deep acceptors trapped at threading-edge dislocations in GaN. Phys Rev B 58:12571–1257410.1103/PhysRevB.58.12571 ↗
27. Blumenau AT, Fall CJ, Jones R, Öberg S, Frauenheim T, Briddon PR (2003) Structure and motion of basal dislocations in silicon carbide. Phys Rev B 68:17410810.1103/PhysRevB.68.174108 ↗
28. Bernardini F, Colombo L (2005) Interaction of doping impurities with the 30 degree partial dislocations in SiC: an ab initio investigation. Phys Rev B 72:08521510.1103/PhysRevB.72.085215 ↗
29. Chandler D (1987) Introduction to modern statistical mechanics. Oxford University Press, New York
30. Hansen J-P, McDonald IR (2013) Theory of simple liquids, 4th edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam
31. Kittel C (1986) Introduction to solid state physics, 6th edn. Wiley, New York
32. Kresse G, Furthmüller J (1996) Efficiency of ab-initio total energy calculations for metals and semiconductors using a plane-wave basis set. Comput Mater Sci 6:15–5010.1016/0927-0256(96)00008-0 ↗
33. Kresse G, Furthmüller J (1996) Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set. Phys Rev B 54:11169–1118610.1103/PhysRevB.54.11169 ↗
34. Blöchl PE (1994) Projector augmented-wave method. Phys Rev B 50:17953–1797910.1103/PhysRevB.50.17953 ↗
35. Kresse G, Joubert D (1999) From ultrasoft pseudopotentials to the projector augmented-wave method. Phys Rev B 59:1758–177510.1103/PhysRevB.59.1758 ↗
36. Perdew JP, Chevary JA, Vosko SH, Jackson KA, Pederson MR, Singh DJ, Fiolhais C (1992) Atoms, molecules, solids, and surfaces: applications of the generalized gradient approximation for exchange and correlation. Phys Rev B 46:6671–668710.1103/PhysRevB.46.6671 ↗
37. Perdew JP, Chevary JA, Vosko SH, Jackson KA, Pederson MR, Singh DJ, Fiolhais C (1993) Erratum: Atoms, molecules, solids, and surfaces: applications of the generalized gradient approximation for exchange and correlation. Phys Rev B 48:4978–497810.1103/PhysRevB.48.4978.2 ↗
38. Perdew JP, Burke K, Ernzerhof M (1996) Generalized gradient approximation made simple. Phys Rev Lett 77:3865–386810.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3865 ↗
39. Monkhorst HJ, Pack JD (1976) Special points for Brillouin-zone integrations. Phys Rev B 13:5188–519210.1103/PhysRevB.13.5188 ↗
40. Love AEH (2013) A treatise on the mathematical theory of elasticity, 4th edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
41. deWit R (1973) Theory of disclinations: IV. Straight disclinations. J Res Natl Bur Stand Sect Phys Chem 77A:607–65810.6028/jres.077A.036 ↗
42. Hirth JP, Lothe J (1982) Theory of dislocations, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York
43. Read WT Jr (1953) Dislocations in crystals. McGraw-Hill, New York
44. Cholewiński J, Maździarz M, Jurczak G, Dłużewski P (2014) Dislocation core reconstruction based on finite deformation approach and its application to 4H-SiC crystal. Int J Multiscale Comput Eng 12:411–42110.1615/IntJMultCompEng.2014010679 ↗
45. Galassi M (2009) GNU scientific library: reference manual, 3rd edn. Network Theory, Bristol
46. Dłużewski P, Cholewiński J. VECDs software. http://sourceforge.net/projects/vecds/ . Accessed 29 July 2016
47. Miao MS, Limpijumnong S, Lambrecht WRL (2001) Stacking fault band structure in 4H-SiC and its impact on electronic devices. Appl Phys Lett 79:4360–436210.1063/1.1427749 ↗
48. Iwata H, Lindefelt U, Öberg S, Briddon PR (2001) Localized electronic states around stacking faults in silicon carbide. Phys Rev B 65:03320310.1103/PhysRevB.65.033203 ↗
49. Lindefelt U, Iwata H, Öberg S, Briddon PR (2003) Stacking faults in 3 C -, 4 H -, and 6 H - SiC polytypes investigated by an ab initio supercell method. Phys Rev B 67(15):15520410.1103/PhysRevB.67.155204 ↗
50. Deretzis I, Camarda M, La Via F, La Magna A (2012) Electron backscattering from stacking faults in SiC by means of ab initio quantum transport calculations. Phys Rev B 85(23):23531010.1103/PhysRevB.85.235310 ↗
51. Xi J, Liu B, Zhang Y, Weber WJ (2016) Ab initio study of point defects near stacking faults in 3C-SiC. Comput Mater Sci 123:131–13810.1016/j.commatsci.2016.06.023 ↗
52. Pal NR, Pal SK (1993) A review on image segmentation techniques. Pattern Recognit 26:1277–129410.1016/0031-3203(93)90135-J ↗
53. Wdowik UD, Piekarz P, Parlinski K, Oleś AM, Korecki J (2013) Strong effects of cation vacancies on the electronic and dynamical properties of FeO. Phys Rev B 87:12110610.1103/PhysRevB.87.121106 ↗
54. Talwar DN (2015) Probing optical, phonon, thermal and defect properties of 3C-SiC/Si (001). Diam Relat Mater 52:1–1010.1016/j.diamond.2014.11.011 ↗