Fabrication of a uniform Au nanodot array/monolayer graphene hybrid structure for high-performance surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Source abstract
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful tool for sensing, which can detect a broad range of chemical and biological analytes at the single-molecule level. In this work, a hybrid structure of Au nanodot array and high-quality graphene monolayer is used as SERS substrate, which integrates the electromagnetic enhancement from Au nanodots and chemical enhancement from monolayer graphene. The fabricated SERS substrates consist of uniform round top shape Au nanodot array with coverage of 36.9% where their diameter and gap distribution ranges from ~ 33 to ~ 42 nm and from ~ 22 to ~ 28 nm. The hybrid Au nanodot array/monolayer Gr SERS substrate exhibited a 4.67 times enhanced Raman signal compared to Au nanodots without Gr at the R6G concentration of 10−6 M. The detection limit of R6G is achieved as low as 4.69 × 10−9 M on the Au nanodot array/Gr SERS substrate. These experiments demonstrate a facile approach to fabricate hybrid metal nanostructure/2D materials SERS substrate for biomedical and environmental sensing and provide a clue for high-performance optoelectronic devices.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications · Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research · Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (48)
Show source-provided references
1. Sharma B, Frontiera RR, Henry A-I, Ringe E, Van Duyne RP (2012) SERS: materials, applications, and the future. Mater Today 15(1–2):16–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(12)70017-210.1016/s1369-7021(12)70017-2 ↗
2. Zong C, Xu M, Xu LJ, Wei T, Ma X, Zheng XS, Hu R, Ren B (2018) Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for bioanalysis: reliability and challenges. Chem Rev 118(10):4946–4980. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b0066810.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00668 ↗
3. Xu H, Chen Y, Zhang J, Zhang H (2012) Investigating the mechanism of hysteresis effect in graphene electrical field device fabricated on SiO2 substrates using Raman spectroscopy. Small 8(18):2833–2840. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.20110246810.1002/smll.201102468 ↗
4. Zhu J, Lin G, Wu M, Chen Z, Lu P, Wu W (2018) Large-scale fabrication of ultrasensitive and uniform surface-enhanced raman scattering substrates for the trace detection of pesticides. Nanomaterials (Basel) 8(7):520–530. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano807052010.3390/nano8070520 ↗
5. Chen G, Wang Y, Yang M, Xu J, Goh SJ, Pan M, Chen H (2010) Measuring ensemble-averaged surface-enhanced Raman scattering in the hotspots of colloidal nanoparticle dimers and trimers. J Am Chem Soc 132(11):3644–3645. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja909088510.1021/ja9090885 ↗
6. Liu ZG, Yu SH, Xu SP, Zhao B, Xu WQ (2017) Ultrasensitive detection of capsaicin in oil for fast identification of illegal cooking oil by SERRS. Acs Omega 2(11):8401–8406. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.7b0145710.1021/acsomega.7b01457 ↗
7. Mabbott S, Eckmann A, Casiraghi C, Goodacre R (2013) 2p or not 2p: tuppence-based SERS for the detection of illicit materials. Analyst 138(1):118–122. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2an35974j10.1039/c2an35974j ↗
8. Mosier-Boss PA (2017) Review of SERS substrates for chemical sensing. Nanomaterials (Basel) 7(6):142–172. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano706014210.3390/nano7060142 ↗
9. Han SY, Sun J, Wang JY, Qian WP, Dong J (2018) A built-in surface-enhanced Raman scattering-active microneedle for sampling in vivo and surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection ex vivo of NO. J Raman Spectrosc 49(11):1747–1755. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.546910.1002/jrs.5469 ↗
10. Liu RM, Xiong Y, Guo Y, Si MZ, Tang WY (2018) Label-free and non-invasive BS-SERS detection of liver cancer based on the solid device of silver nanofilm. J Raman Spectrosc 49(9):1426–1434. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.540810.1002/jrs.5408 ↗
11. Cao YC, Jin R, Mirkin CA (2002) Nanoparticles with Raman spectroscopic fingerprints for DNA and RNA detection. Science 297(5586):1536–1540. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.297.5586.153610.1126/science.297.5586.1536 ↗
12. Barhoumi A, Zhang D, Tam F, Halas NJ (2008) Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of DNA. J Am Chem Soc 130(16):5523–5529. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja800023j10.1021/ja800023j ↗
13. Keskin S, Culha M (2012) Label-free detection of proteins from dried-suspended droplets using surface enhanced Raman scattering. Analyst 137(11):2651–2657. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2an16296b10.1039/c2an16296b ↗
14. Dong H, Liu Z, Zhong H, Yang H, Zhou Y, Hou Y, Long J, Lin J, Guo Z (2017) Melanin-associated synthesis of SERS-active nanostructures and the application for monitoring of intracellular melanogenesis. Nanomaterials (Basel) 7(3):70–79. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano703007010.3390/nano7030070 ↗
15. Fleischmann M, Hendra PJ, Mcquillan AJ (1974) Raman-spectra of pyridine adsorbed at a silver electrode. Chem Phys Lett 26(2):163–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(74)85388-110.1016/0009-2614(74)85388-1 ↗
16. Jeanmaire DL, Suchanski MR, Duyne RPV (1977) Resonance Raman spectroelectrochemistry. I. Tetracyanoethylene anion radical. J Am Chem Soc 97(7):1699–170710.1021/ja00840a013 ↗
17. Talley CE, Jackson JB, Oubre C, Grady NK, Hollars CW, Lane SM, Huser TR, Nordlander P, Halas NJ (2005) Surface-enhanced Raman scattering from individual au nanoparticles and nanoparticle dimer substrates. Nano Lett 5(8):1569–1574. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl050928v10.1021/nl050928v ↗
18. Oldenburg SJ, Westcott SL, Averitt RD, Halas NJ (1999) Surface enhanced Raman scattering in the near infrared using metal nanoshell substrates. J Chem Phys 111(10):4729–4735. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.47923510.1063/1.479235 ↗
19. Yang Y, Shi JL, Kawamura G, Nogami M (2008) Preparation of Au–Ag, Ag–Au core-shell bimetallic nanoparticles for surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Scripta Mater 58(10):862–865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.01.01710.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.01.017 ↗
20. Dieringer JA, Wustholz KL, Masiello DJ, Camden JP, Kleinman SL, Schatz GC, Van Duyne RP (2009) Surface-enhanced Raman excitation spectroscopy of a single rhodamine 6G molecule. J Am Chem Soc 131(2):849–854. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja808015410.1021/ja8080154 ↗
21. Kleinman SL, Frontiera RR, Henry AI, Dieringer JA, Van Duyne RP (2013) Creating, characterizing, and controlling chemistry with SERS hot spots. Phys Chem Chem Phys 15(1):21–36. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cp42598j10.1039/c2cp42598j ↗
22. Das B, Voggu R, Rout CS, Rao CN (2008) Changes in the electronic structure and properties of graphene induced by molecular charge-transfer. Chem Commun (Camb) 41:5155–5157. https://doi.org/10.1039/b808955h10.1039/b808955h ↗
23. Xu W, Mao N, Zhang J (2013) Graphene: a platform for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Small 9(8):1206–1224. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.20120309710.1002/smll.201203097 ↗
24. Li XH, Choy WCH, Ren XG, Zhang D, Lu HF (2014) Highly intensified surface enhanced raman scattering by using monolayer graphene as the nanospacer of metal film-metal nanoparticle coupling system. Adv Func Mater 24(21):3114–3122. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.20130338410.1002/adfm.201303384 ↗
25. Wang XY, Wang N, Gong TC, Zhu Y, Zhang J (2016) Preparation of graphene-Ag nanoparticles hybrids and their SERS activities. Appl Surf Sci 387:707–719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.06.16110.1016/j.apsusc.2016.06.161 ↗
26. Gong TC, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Wang XY, Zhang XL, Zhang J (2016) Optical properties and surface-enhanced Raman scattering of hybrid structures with Ag nanoparticles and graphene. Carbon 102:245–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2016.02.05010.1016/j.carbon.2016.02.050 ↗
27. Lu RT, Konzelmann A, Xu F, Gong YP, Liu JW, Liu QF, Xin M, Hui RQ, Wu JZ (2015) High sensitivity surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy of R6G on in situ fabricated Au nanoparticle/graphene plasmonic substrates. Carbon 86:78–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.01.02810.1016/j.carbon.2015.01.028 ↗
28. Xu SC, Jiang SZ, Wang JH, Wei J, Yue WW, Ma Y (2016) Graphene isolated Au nanoparticle arrays with high reproducibility for high-performance surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Sensor Actuat B-Chem 222:1175–1183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2015.08.00910.1016/j.snb.2015.08.009 ↗
29. Rummeli MH, Gorantla S, Bachmatiuk A, Phieler J, Geissler N, Ibrahim I, Pang JB, Eckert J (2013) On the role of vapor trapping for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown graphene over copper. Chem Mater 25(24):4861–4866. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm401669k10.1021/cm401669k ↗
30. Pang JB, Bachmatiuk A, Fu L, Yan CL, Zeng MQ, Wang J, Trzebicka B, Gemming T, Eckert J, Rummeli MH (2015) Oxidation as a means to remove surface contaminants on Cu foil prior to graphene growth by chemical vapor deposition. J Phys Chem C 119(23):13363–13368. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b0391110.1021/acs.jpcc.5b03911 ↗
31. Ferrari AC, Meyer JC, Scardaci V, Casiraghi C, Lazzeri M, Mauri F, Piscanec S, Jiang D, Novoselov KS, Roth S, Geim AK (2006) Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers. Phys Rev Lett 97(18):187401–187405. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.18740110.1103/PhysRevLett.97.187401 ↗
32. Huang S, Ling X, Liang L, Song Y, Fang W, Zhang J, Kong J, Meunier V, Dresselhaus MS (2015) Molecular selectivity of graphene-enhanced Raman scattering. Nano Lett 15(5):2892–2901. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl504598810.1021/nl5045988 ↗
33. Tan BJ, Sow CH, Koh TS, Chin KC, Wee AT, Ong CK (2005) Fabrication of size-tunable gold nanoparticles array with nanosphere lithography, reactive ion etching, and thermal annealing. J Phys Chem B 109(22):11100–11109. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp045172n10.1021/jp045172n ↗
34. Watanabe H, Hayazawa N, Inouye Y, Kawata S (2005) DFT vibrational calculations of rhodamine 6G adsorbed on silver: analysis of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 109(11):5012–5020. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp045771u10.1021/jp045771u ↗
35. Hildebrandt P, Stockburger M (1984) Surface-enhanced resonance raman-spectroscopy of rhodamine-6G adsorbed on colloidal silver. J Phys Chem 88(24):5935–5944. https://doi.org/10.1021/j150668a03810.1021/j150668a038 ↗
36. Zhong F, Wu Z, Guo J, Jia D (2018) Porous silicon photonic crystals coated with Ag nanoparticles as efficient substrates for detecting trace explosives using SERS. Nanomaterials (Basel) 8(11):872–883. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano811087210.3390/nano8110872 ↗
37. Peng B, Li G, Li D, Dodson S, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Lee YH, Demir HV, Ling XY, Xiong Q (2013) Vertically aligned gold nanorod monolayer on arbitrary substrates: self-assembly and femtomolar detection of food contaminants. ACS Nano 7(7):5993–6000. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn401685p10.1021/nn401685p ↗
38. Goul R, Das S, Liu QF, Xin M, Lu RT, Hui R, Wu JZ (2017) Quantitative analysis of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy of Rhodamine 6G using a composite graphene and plasmonic Au nanoparticle substrate. Carbon 111:386–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2016.10.01910.1016/j.carbon.2016.10.019 ↗
39. Ling X, Xie L, Fang Y, Xu H, Zhang H, Kong J, Dresselhaus MS, Zhang J, Liu Z (2010) Can graphene be used as a substrate for Raman enhancement? Nano Lett 10(2):553–561. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl903414x10.1021/nl903414x ↗
40. Zhao YD, Xie YZ, Bao ZY, Tsang YH, Xie LM, Chai Y (2014) Enhanced SERS stability of R6G molecules with monolayer graphene. J Phys Chem C 118(22):11827–11832. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp503487a10.1021/jp503487a ↗
41. Jie Z, Pengyue Z, Yimin D, Xiaolei Z, Jiamin Q, Yong Z (2016) Ag–Cu nanoparticles encaptured by graphene with magnetron sputtering and CVD for surface-enhanced raman scattering. Plasmonics 11(6):1495–1504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-016-0202-910.1007/s11468-016-0202-9 ↗
42. Chen G, Wang YY, Wang HL, Cong M, Chen L, Yang YG, Geng YJ, Li HB, Xu SP, Xu WQ (2014) A highly sensitive microfluidics system for multiplexed surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection based on Ag nanodot arrays. RSC Adv 4(97):54434–54440. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra09251a10.1039/c4ra09251a ↗
43. Le Ru EC, Blackie E, Meyer M, Etchegoin PG (2007) Surface enhanced Raman scattering enhancement factors: a comprehensive study. J Phys Chem C 111(37):13794–13803. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp068790810.1021/jp0687908 ↗
44. Long GL, Winefordner JD (2008) Limit of detection. A closer look at the IUPAC definition. Anal Chem 55(7):712–724. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00258a00110.1021/ac00258a001 ↗
45. Christian GD, Christian GD, Schug KA (2013) Analytical chemistry, 7th edn. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 105–107
46. Kim WH, Lee JU, Song S, Kim S, Choi YJ, Sim SJ (2019) A label-free, ultra-highly sensitive and multiplexed SERS nanoplasmonic biosensor for miRNA detection using a head-flocked gold nanopillar. Analyst 144(5):1768–1776. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8an01745j10.1039/c8an01745j ↗
47. Long KL, Luo XG, Nan HY, Du DY, Zhao WW, Ni ZH, Qiu T (2013) Surface-enhanced Raman scattering from graphene covered gold nanocap arrays. J Appl Phys 114(18):183520–183525. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.483195110.1063/1.4831951 ↗
48. Liang X, Liang B, Pan Z, Lang X, Zhang Y, Wang G, Yin P, Guo L (2015) Tuning plasmonic and chemical enhancement for SERS detection on graphene-based Au hybrids. Nanoscale 7(47):20188–20196. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5nr06010a10.1039/c5nr06010a ↗