journal article·2015-11

C2/m-carbon: structural, mechanical, and electronic properties

Mengjiang Xing, Binhua Li, Zhengtao Yu, Qi Chen

Journal of Materials Science· Volume 50· Issue 21
Publisher page

Abstract

The structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of C2/m-carbon were studied utilizing the first-principles calculations. The calculated lattice parameters and elastic constants of diamond are in excellent agreement with the available experimental data, indicating our calculations for C2/m-carbon are valid and believable. The calculated elastic constants indicate that C2/m-carbon is mechanically stable according to the elastic stability criteria under pressure. Furthermore, the elastic anisotropy has been visualized in detail by plotting the directional dependence of Poisson’s ratio, Young’s modulus, and shear modulus, whereas the calculated values of Poisson’s ratio and B/G present their brittle manner. B/G increases under increasing pressure with B/G = 1.75 at about 260.74 GPa and v increases observed with increasing pressure with v = 0.26 at about 261.35 GPa for C2/m-carbon, respectively. Our calculations predict that C2/m-carbon is an indirect semiconductor with wide band gap of 4.197 eV.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research · Boron and Carbon Nanomaterials Research · Metal and Thin Film Mechanics

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (59)

Show source-provided references
1. Sung CM, Sung M (1996) Carbon nitride and other speculative superhard materials. Mater Chem Phys 43:1–1810.1016/0254-0584(95)01607-V ↗
2. Haines J, Leger J, Bocquillon G (2001) Synthesis and design of superhard materials. Annu Rev Mater Res 31:110.1146/annurev.matsci.31.1.1 ↗
3. Hu M, Zhao ZS, Tian F, Oganov AR, Wang QQ, Xiong M, Fan CZ, Wen B, He JL, Yu DL, Wang HT, Xu B, Tian YJ (2013) Compressed carbon nanotubes: a family of new multifunctional carbon allotropes. Sci Rep 3:133110.1038/srep01331 ↗
4. Selli D, Baburin IA, Martonák R, Leoni S (2011) Superhard sp3 carbon allotropes with odd and even ring topologies. Phys Rev B 84: Art no 16141110.1103/PhysRevB.84.161411 ↗
5. Zhao Z, Xu B, Zhou XF, Wang LM, Wen B, He J, Liu Z, Wang HT, Tian Y, (2011) Novel superhard carbon: C-centered orthorhombic C8. Phys Rev Lett 107: Art no 21550210.1103/PhysRevLett.107.215502 ↗
6. Amsler M, Flores-Livas JA, Lehtovaara L, Balima F, Ghasemi SA, Machon D, Pailhès S, A Willand, Caliste D, Botti S, San Miguel A, Goedecker S, MAL Marques (2012) Crystal structure of cold compressed graphite. Phys Rev Lett 108: Art no 06550110.1103/PhysRevLett.108.065501 ↗
7. Wang JT, Chen C, Kawazoe Y (2012) Orthorhombic carbon allotrope of compressed graphite: Ab initio calculations. Phys Rev B 85: Art no 033410
8. He CY, Sun LZ, Zhang CX, Zhong JX (2013) Two viable three-dimensional carbon semiconductors with an entirely sp2 configuration. Phys Chem Chem Phys 15:680–68410.1039/C2CP43221H ↗
9. He CY, Sun LZ, Zhang CX, Peng XY, Zhang KW, Zhong JX (2012) Four superhard carbon allotropes: a first-principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 14:8410–841410.1039/c2cp40531h ↗
10. Kvashnina YA, Kvashnin AG, Sorokin PB (2013) Investigation of new superhard carbon allotropes with promising electronic properties. J Appl Phys 114: art no 18370810.1063/1.4829002 ↗
11. Xie HX, Yin FX, Yu T (2014) Mechanism for direct graphite-to-diamond phase transition. Sci Rep 4:593010.1038/srep05930 ↗
12. He CY, Zhong JX (2014) M585, a low energy superhard monoclinic carbon phase. Solid State Commun 181:24–2710.1016/j.ssc.2013.11.035 ↗
13. Martoňák R, Oganov AR, Glass CW (2007) Crystal structure prediction and simulations of structural transformations: metadynamics and evolutionary algorithms. Phase Transit 80:277–29810.1080/01411590701228398 ↗
14. Zhu Q, Oganov AR, Lyakhov AO (2012) Evolutionary metadynamics: a novel method to predict crystal structures. CrystEngComm 14:3596–360110.1039/c2ce06642d ↗
15. Boulfelfel SE, Zhu Q, Oganov AR (2012) Novel sp3 forms of carbon predicted by evolutionary metadynamics and analysis of their synthesizability using transition path sampling. J Superhard Mater 34:350–35910.3103/S1063457612060093 ↗
16. Finkelstein GJ, Dera PK, Jahn S, Oganov AR, Holl CM, Meng Y, Duffy TS (2014) Phase transitions and equation of state of forsterite to 90 GPa from single-crystal X-ray diffraction and molecular modeling. Am Miner 99:35–4310.2138/am.2014.4526 ↗
17. Oganov AR, Glass CW (2008) Evolutionary crystal structure prediction as a tool in materials design. J Phys: Condens Matter 20:064210
18. Oganov AR, Ma YM, Lyakhov AO, Valle M, Gatti C (2010) Evolutionary crystal structure prediction as a method for the discovery of minerals and materials. Rev Miner Geochem 71:271–29810.2138/rmg.2010.71.13 ↗
19. Oganov AR, Lyakhov AO, Valle M (2011) How evolutionary crystal structure prediction works and why. Acc Chem Res 44:227–23710.1021/ar1001318 ↗
20. Lyakhov AO, Oganov AR, Stokes HT, Zhu Q (2013) New developments in evolutionary structure prediction algorithm USPEX. Comput Phys Commun 184:1172–118210.1016/j.cpc.2012.12.009 ↗
21. Oganov AR, Glass CW (2006) Crystal structure prediction using ab initio evolutionary techniques: principles and applications. J Chem Phys 124:24470410.1063/1.2210932 ↗
22. Li Q, Ma YM, Oganov AR, Wang HB, Wang H, Xu Y, Cui T, Mao HK, Zou GT (2009) Superhard monoclinic polymorph of carbon. Phys Rev Lett 102: Art no 17550610.1103/PhysRevLett.102.175506 ↗
23. Umemoto K, Wentzcovitch RM, Saito S, Miyake T (2010) Body-centered tetragonal C4: a viable sp3 carbon allotrope. Phys Rev Lett 104: Art no 12550410.1103/PhysRevLett.104.125504 ↗
24. Zhu Q, Zeng Q, Oganov AR (2012) Systematic search for low-enthalpy sp3 carbon allotropes using evolutionary metadynamics. Phys Rev B 85: Art no 20140710.1103/PhysRevB.85.201407 ↗
25. Boulfelfel SE, Oganov AR, Leoni S (2012) Understanding the nature of ‘‘superhard graphite. Sci Rep 2: Art no 47110.1038/srep00471 ↗
26. Wang Y, Lee KKM (2012) From soft to superhard: fifty years of experiments on cold-compressed Graphite. J Superhard Mater 34:360–37010.3103/S106345761206010X ↗
27. Zhang M, Liu HY, Du YH, Zhang XX, Wang YC, Li Q (2013) Orthorhombic C32: a novel superhard sp3 carbon allotrope. Phys Chem Chem Phys 15:14120–1412510.1039/c3cp51746b ↗
28. Liu YM, Lu MC, Zhang M (2014) First-principles study of a novel superhard sp3 carbon allotrope. Phys Lett A 378:332610.1016/j.physleta.2014.06.050 ↗
29. Wei Q, Zhang MG, Yan HY, Lin ZZ, Zhu X (2014) Structural, electronic and mechanical properties of Imma-carbon. EPL 107: Art no 2700710.1209/0295-5075/107/27007 ↗
30. Huang Q, Yu D, Zhao Z, Fu S, Xiong M, Wang Q, Gao Y, Luo K, He J, Tian Y (2012) First-principles study of O-BN: A sp3-bonding boron nitride allotrope. J Appl Phys 112: Art no 05351810.1063/1.4751031 ↗
31. Fan QY, Wei Q, Chai CC, Yan HY, Zhang MG, Lin ZZ, Zhang ZX, Zhang JQ, Zhang DY (2015) Structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of P3m1-BCN. J Phys Chem Solids 79:89–9610.1016/j.jpcs.2014.12.008 ↗
32. Lia D, Tian FB, Chu BH, Duan DF, Wei SL, Lv YZ, Zhang HD, Wang L, Lu N, Liu BB, Cui T (2015) Cubic C96: a novel carbon allotrope with a porous nanocube network. J Mater Chem A 3:10448–1045210.1039/C5TA01045D ↗
33. Tian F, Dong X, Zhao ZS, He JL, Wang HT (2012) Superhard F-carbon predicted by ab initio particle-swarm optimization methodology. J Phys: Condens Matter 24: Art no 16550410.1088/0953-8984/24/16/165504 ↗
34. Wang JT, Chen C, Kawazoe Y (2011) Low-temperature phase transformation from graphite to sp3 orthorhombic carbon. Phys Rev Lett 106: Art no 075501
35. Li ZP, Gao FM, Xu ZM (2012) Strength, hardness, and lattice vibrations of Z-carbon and W-carbon: first-principles calculations. Phys Rev B 85: Art no 14411510.1103/PhysRevB.85.144115 ↗
36. He CY, Sun LZ, Zhang CX, Peng XY, Zhang KW, Zhong JX (2012) New superhard carbon phases between graphite and diamond. Solid State Commun 152:1560–156310.1016/j.ssc.2012.05.022 ↗
37. Li D, Bao K, Tian FB, Zeng ZW, He Z, Liu BB, Cui T (2012) Lowest enthalpy polymorph of cold-compressed graphite phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 14:4347–435010.1039/c2cp24066a ↗
38. Zhang XX, Wang YC, Lv J, Zhu CY, Li Q, Zhang M, Li Q, Ma Y (2013) First-principles structural design of superhard materials. J Chem Phys 138:11410110.1063/1.4794424 ↗
39. Hohenberg P, Kohn W (1964) Inhomogeneous electron gas. Phys Rev 136:B86410.1103/PhysRev.136.B864 ↗
40. Kohn W, Sham LJ (1965) Self-consistent equations including exchange and correlation effects. Phys Rev 140:A113310.1103/PhysRev.140.A1133 ↗
41. Clark SJ, Segall MD, Pickard CJ, Hasnip PJ, Probert MIJ, Refson K, Payne MC (2005) First principles methods using CASTEP. Z Kristallogr 220:567–57010.1524/zkri.220.5.567.65075 ↗
42. Pfrommer BG, Côté M, Louie SG, Cohen ML (1997) Relaxation of crystals with the quasi- Newton method. J Comput Phys 131:233–24010.1006/jcph.1996.5612 ↗
43. Perdew JP, Burke K, Ernzerhof M (1996) Generalized gradient approximation made simple. Phys Rev Lett 77: Art no 386510.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3865 ↗
44. Ceperley DM, Alder BJ (1980) Ground state of the electron gas by a stochastic method. Phys Rev Lett 45: Art no 56610.1103/PhysRevLett.45.566 ↗
45. Perdew JP, Zunger A (1981) Self-interaction correction to density-functional approximations for many-electron systems. Phys Rev B 23: Art no 504810.1103/PhysRevB.23.5048 ↗
46. Monkhorst HJ, Pack JD (1976) Special points for Brillouin-zone integrations. Phys Rev B 13: Art no 518810.1103/PhysRevB.13.5188 ↗
47. Grimsditch M, Zouboulis ES, Polian A (1994) Elastic constants of boron nitride. J Appl Phys 76:83210.1063/1.357757 ↗
48. Wu ZJ, Zhao EJ, Xiang HP, Hao XF, Liu XJ, Meng J (2007) Crystal structures and elastic properties of superhard IrN2 and IrN3 from first principles. Phys Rev B 76: Art no 05411510.1103/PhysRevB.76.054115 ↗
49. Schwoerer-Böhning M, Macrander AT, Arms DA (1998) Phonon dispersion of diamond measured by inelastic X-ray scattering. Phys Rev Lett 80: Art no 557210.1103/PhysRevLett.80.5572 ↗
50. Voigt W (1928) Lehrburch der Kristallphysik. Teubner, Leipzig
51. Lyakhov AO, Oganov AR (2011) Evolutionary search for superhard materials: methodology and applications to forms of carbon and TiO. Phys Rev B 84: Art no 09210310.1103/PhysRevB.84.092103 ↗
52. Marmier A, Lethbridge ZAD, Walton RI, Smith CW, Parker SC, Evans KE (2010) ElAM: a computer program for the analysis and representation of anisotropic elastic properties. Comput Phys Commun 181:2102–211510.1016/j.cpc.2010.08.033 ↗
53. Wei Q, Zhang MG, Guo L, Yan HY, Zhu X, Lin ZZ, Guo P (2013) Ab initio studies of novel carbon nitride phase C2N2(CH2). Chem Phys 415:36–4310.1016/j.chemphys.2013.02.015 ↗
54. Hu WC, Liu Y, Li DJ, Zeng XQ, Xu CS (2014) First-principles study of structural and electronic properties of C14-type Laves phase Al2Zr and Al2Hf. Comput Mater Sci 83:27–3410.1016/j.commatsci.2013.10.029 ↗
55. Ozisik HB, Colakoglu K, Deligoz E (2012) First-principles study of structural and mechanical properties of AgB2 and AuB2 compounds under pressure. Comput Mater Sci 51:83–9010.1016/j.commatsci.2011.07.043 ↗
56. Lewandowski JJ, Wang WH, Greer AL (2005) Intrinsic plasticity or brittleness of metallic glasses. Philos Mag Lett 85:77–8710.1080/09500830500080474 ↗
57. Yan HY, Zhang MG (2014) Theoretical investigation on compressibility, electronic and thermodynamic properties of single crystal PtAs2 under high pressure. Comput Mater Sci 86:124–12910.1016/j.commatsci.2014.01.048 ↗
58. Sithole HM (2000) Electronic and atomistic simulation of FeS2 (Ph.D. thesis), University of the North South Africa
59. Petrescu ML (2004) Boron nitride theoretical hardness compared to carbon polymorphs. Diamond Relat Mater 13:1848–185310.1016/j.diamond.2004.05.004 ↗