Photocatalytic degradation of propranolol hydrochloride using Nd–TiO2 nanoparticles under UV and visible light
Source abstract
Abstract
Propranolol (PRO) hydrochloride is one of the most commonly used β-blockers for cardiovascular diseases that is frequently detected in aquatic environment. Photocatalytic removal of propranolol using an efficient UV and visible light responsive neodymium (Nd)-modified photocatalyst has been investigated. Nd–TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple ultrasonic method with Nd-modified in the range of 0–1.0 mol% to evaluate the effects of Nd3+ content in crystal structure and photocatalytic activity. The TiO2–Nd 0.10% sample was the most efficient photocatalyst to degrade PRO with 95% and 90% degradation after 60 min under UV and visible light radiation, respectively. The characterization analysis revealed that neodymium is dispersed on the surface semiconductor, where probably forming Ti–O–Nd bonds, which can induce oxygen vacancies and surface defects. The effective separation of the photogenerated electrons and holes was regarded as the main reason for the high photocatalytic activity. The effective separation of the photogenerated electrons and holes was regarded as the main reason for the high photocatalytic activity.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques · TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells · Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
1. H. Kim, I. Lee, J. Oh, Human and veterinary pharmaceuticals in the marine environment including fish farms in Korea. Sci. Total Eviron. 579, 940–949 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.03910.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.039 ↗
2. F. Fekadu, E. Alemayehu, R. Dewil, B. Van der Bruggen, Pharmaceuticals in freshwater aquatic environments: a comparison of the African and European challenge. Sci. Total Environ. 654, 324–337 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.07210.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.072 ↗
3. P.M. Ondarza, S.P. Haddad, E. Avigliano, K.S.B. Miglioranza, B.W. Brooks, Pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs and their metabolites in fish from Argentina: implications for protected areas influenced by urbanization. Sci Total Environ 649, 1029–1037 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.38310.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.383 ↗
4. E. Archer, B. Petrie, B. Kasprzyk-Hordern, G.M. Wolfaardt, The fate of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), endocrine disrupting contaminants (EDCs), metabolites and illicit drugs in a WWTW and environmental waters. Chemosphere 174, 437–446 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.10110.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.101 ↗
5. B. Tiwari, B. Sellamuthu, Y. Ouarda, P. Drogui, R.D. Tyagi, G. Buelna, Review on fate and mechanism of removal of pharmaceutical pollutants from wastewater using biological approach. Bioresour Technol. 224, 1–12 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.04210.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.042 ↗
6. L. Gao, D. Minakata, Z. Wei, R. Spinney, D.D. Dionysiou, C. Tang, L. Chai, R. Xiao, Mechanistic study on the role of soluble microbial products in sulfate radical-mediated degradation of pharmaceuticals. Environ. Sci. Technol. 53, 342–353 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b0512910.1021/acs.est.8b05129 ↗
7. S.O. Ganiyu, N. Oturan, S. Raffy, G. Esposito, E.D. van Hullebusch, M. Cretin, M.A. Oturan, Use of sub-stoichiometric titanium oxide as a ceramic electrode in anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton degradation of the beta-blocker propranolol: degradation kinetics and mineralization pathway. Electrochim. Acta 242, 344–354 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.05.04710.1016/j.electacta.2017.05.047 ↗
8. Y. Shinde, S. Wadhai, A. Ponkshe, S. Kapoor, P. Thakur, Decoration of Pt on the metal free RGO-TiO2 composite photocatalyst for the enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical pollutant β blocker. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 43, 4015–4027 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.10.08910.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.10.089 ↗
9. J.D. García-Espinoza, P.M. Nacheva, Effect of electrolytes on the simultaneous electrochemical oxidation of sulfamethoxazole, propranolol and carbamazepine: behaviors, by-products and acute toxicity. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 26, 6855–6867 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-4020-910.1007/s11356-018-4020-9 ↗
10. A.K. Brown, C.S. Wong, Simultaneous quantification of propranolol and sulfamethoxazole and major human metabolite conjugates 4-hydroxy-propranolol sulfate and sulfamethoxazole–glucuronide in municipal wastewater—a framework for multiple classes of drugs and conjugates. J. Chromatogr. A 1471, 34–44 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2016.10.01110.1016/j.chroma.2016.10.011 ↗
11. M.M. Orta, J. Martín, S. Medina-Carrasco, J.L. Santos, I. Aparicio, E. Alonso, Adsorption of propranolol onto montmorillonite: kinetic, isotherm and pH studies. Appl. Clay Sci. 173, 107–114 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2019.03.01510.1016/j.clay.2019.03.015 ↗
12. I.A. Duarte, P. Reis-Santos, S.C. Novais, L.D. Rato, M.F.L. Lemos, A. Freitas, A.S.V. Pouca, J. Barbosa, H.N. Cabral, V.F. Fonseca, Depressed, hypertense and sore: long-term effects of fluoxetine, propranolol and diclofenac exposure in a top predator fish. Sci. Total Environ. 712, 136564 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.13656410.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136564 ↗
13. X. Li, J. Yu, M. Jaroniec, Hierarchical photocatalysts. Chem. Soc. Rev. 45, 2603 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cs00838g10.1039/c5cs00838g ↗
14. D. Awfa, M. Ateia, M. Fujii, M.S. Johnson, C. Yoshimura, Photodegradation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water treatment using carbonaceous-TiO2 composites: a critical review of recent literature. Water Res. 142, 26–45 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.05.03610.1016/j.watres.2018.05.036 ↗
15. Y. Yang, Y. Cao, J. Jiang, X. Lu, J. Ma, S. Pang, J. Li, Y. Liu, Y. Zhou, C. Guan, Comparative study on degradation of propranolol and formation of oxidation products by UV/H2O2 and UV/persulfate (PDS). Water Res. 149, 543–552 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.08.07410.1016/j.watres.2018.08.074 ↗
16. T. Ali, A. Ahmed, U. Alam, I. Uddin, P. Tripathi, M. Muneer, Enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial activities of Ag-doped TiO2 nanoparticles under visible light. Mater. Chem. Phys. 212, 325–335 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2018.03.05210.1016/j.matchemphys.2018.03.052 ↗
17. F. Wu, X. Li, W. Liu, S. Zhang, Highly enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue over the indirect all-solid-state Z-scheme g-C3N4-RGO-TiO2 nanoheterojunctions. Appl. Surf. Sci. 405, 60 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.01.28510.1016/j.apsusc.2017.01.285 ↗
18. V. Kitsiou, G.A. Zachariadis, D.A. Lambropoulou, D. Tsiplakides, I. Poulios, Mineralization of the antineoplastic drug carboplatin by heterogeneous photocatalysis with simultaneous synthesis of platinum-modified TiO2 catalysts. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 6, 2409–2416 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.03.03610.1016/j.jece.2018.03.036 ↗
19. W.H.M. Abdelraheem, M.K. Patil, M.N. Nadagouda, D.D. Dionysiou, Hydrothermal synthesis of photoactive nitrogen- and boron-codoped TiO2 nanoparticles for the treatment of bisphenol A in wastewater: synthesis, photocatalytic activity, degradation byproducts and reaction pathways. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 241, 598 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.09.03910.1016/j.apcatb.2018.09.039 ↗
20. S. Liu, M. Zhao, Z. He, Y. Zhong, H. Ding, D. Chen, Preparation of a p-n heterojunction 2D BiOI nanosheet/1DBiPO4 nanorod composite electrode for enhanced visible light photoelectrocatalysis. Chin. J. Catal. 40, 446 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2067(18)63186-910.1016/S1872-2067(18)63186-9 ↗
21. A.T.O. Dal’Toé, G.L. Colpani, N. Padoin, M.A. Fiori, C. Soares, Lanthanum doped titania decorated with silver plasmonic nanoparticles with enhanced photocatalytic activity under UV–visible light. Appl. Surf. Sci. 441, 1057 (2018)10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.01.291 ↗
22. Y. Duan, M.L. Gou, Y. Guo, J. Cai, W. Song, Z. Liu, E. Zhou, In situ hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2–RGO nanocomposites for 4-nitrophenol degradation under sunlight irradiation. J. Mater. Res. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1557/s43578-021-00154-010.1557/s43578-021-00154-0 ↗
23. C. Lin, Y. Gao, J. Zhang, D. Xue, H. Fang, J. Tian, C. Zhou, C. Zhang, Y. Li, H. Li, GO/TiO2 composites as a highly active photocatalyst for the degradation of methyl orange. J. Mater. Res. 35, 1307 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2020.4110.1557/jmr.2020.41 ↗
24. B.M. Everhart, M. Baker-Fales, B. McAuley, E. Banning, H. Almkhelfe, T.C. Back, P.B. Amama, Hydrothermal synthesis of carbon nanotube–titania composites for enhanced photocatalytic performance. J. Mater. Res. 35, 1451 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2020.9710.1557/jmr.2020.97 ↗
25. X. Qu, X. Zhao, M. Liu, Z. Gao, D. Yang, L. Shi, Y. Tang, H. Song, BiOCl/TiO2 composite photocatalysts synthesized by the sol–gel method for enhanced visible-light catalytic activity toward methyl orange. J. Mater. Res. 35, 3067 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2020.22910.1557/jmr.2020.229 ↗
26. N. Wada, Y. Yokomizo, C. Yogi, M. Katayama, A. Tanaka, K. Kojima, Y. Inada, K. Ozutsumi, Effect of adding Au nanoparticles to TiO2 films on crystallization, phase transformation, and photocatalysis. J. Mater. Res. 33, 467 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2018.1610.1557/jmr.2018.16 ↗
27. L. Xue, F. An, Y. Yang, Y. Ma, Synthesis of N-TiO2/BiOI/RGO composites with significantly enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity. J. Mater. Res. 35, 153 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2019.40110.1557/jmr.2019.401 ↗
28. Z. Zong, D. Chen, C. Zhao, G. Tang, Y. Ji, H. Zhang, Z. Lv, Application of Ce–Eu/TiO2 phase change material as the wall material to improve the indoor environment. J. Mater. Res. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1557/s43578-020-00037-w10.1557/s43578-020-00037-w ↗
29. S.O. Oppong, W.W. Anku, S.K. Shukla, E.S. Agorku, P.P. Govender, Photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmine using Nd-doped TiO2-decorated graphene oxide nanocomposites. J. Sol–Gel Sci. Technol. 80, 38 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-016-4062-810.1007/s10971-016-4062-8 ↗
30. P. Mazierski, W. Lisowski, T. Grzyb, M.J. Winiarski, T. Klimczuk, A. Mikołajczyk, J. Flisikowski, A. Hirsch, A. Kołakowska, T. Puzyn, Enhanced photocatalytic properties of lanthanide-TiO2 nanotubes: an experimental and theoretical study. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 205, 376 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.12.04410.1016/j.apcatb.2016.12.044 ↗
31. J. Thomas, S. Radhika, M. Yoon, Nd3+–doped TiO2 nanoparticles incorporated with heteropoly phosphotungstic acid: a novel solar photocatalyst for degradation of 4-chlorophenol in water. J. Mol. Catal. A Chem. 411, 146 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2015.10.02110.1016/j.molcata.2015.10.021 ↗
32. P. Mazierski, A. Mikolajczyka, B. Bajorowicza, A. Malankowskaa, A. Zaleska-Medynskaa, J. Nadolna, The role of lanthanides in TiO2-based photocatalysis: a review. Appl. Catal. B 233, 301–317 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.04.01910.1016/j.apcatb.2018.04.019 ↗
33. P. Parnicka, P. Mazierski, T. Grzyb, Z. Wei, E. Kowalska, B. Ohtani, W. Lisowski, T. Klimczuk, J. Nadolna, Preparation and photocatalytic activity of Nd-modified TiO2 photocatalysts: insight into the excitation mechanism under visible light. J. Catal. 353, 211–222 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2017.07.01710.1016/j.jcat.2017.07.017 ↗
34. J. Sin, S. Lam, One-dimensional ZnO nanorods doped with neodymium for enhanced resorcinol degradation under sunlight irradiation. Chem. Eng. Commun. 205(3), 311 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1080/00986445.2017.138785510.1080/00986445.2017.1387855 ↗
35. M.R. Al-Mamun, S. Kader, M.S. Islam, M.Z.H. Khan, Photocatalytic activity improvement and application of UV-TiO2 photocatalysis in textile wastewater treatment: a review. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 7, 103248 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2019.10324810.1016/j.jece.2019.103248 ↗
36. K. Kočí, M. Reli, M. Edelmannová, I. Troppová, H. Drobná, A. Rokicińska, P. Kuśtrowski, D. Dvoranová, L. Čapek, Photocatalytic hydrogen production from methanol over Nd/TiO2. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A 366, 55 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.03.00710.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.03.007 ↗
37. X. Yan, X. Yuan, J. Wang, Q. Wang, C. Zhou, D. Wang, H. Tang, J. Pan, X. Cheng, Construction of novel ternary dual Z-scheme Ag3VO4/C3N4/reduced TiO2 composite with excellent visible-light photodegradation activity. J. Mater. Res. 34, 2024 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2019.16410.1557/jmr.2019.164 ↗
38. J. Manju, S.M.J. Jawhar, Synthesis of magnesium-doped TiO2 photoelectrodes for dyesensitized solar cell applications by solvothermal microwave irradiation method. J. Mater. Res. 33, 1534 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2018.11510.1557/jmr.2018.115 ↗
39. A. Magdziarza, J.C. Colmenares, O. Chernyayeva, D. Łomot, K. Sobczak, Sonication and light irradiation as green energy sourcessimultaneously implemented in the synthesis of Pd–Fe- and Pt-Fe-doped TiO2-based photocatalysts. J. Mol. Catal. A Chem. 425, 1 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2016.09.02110.1016/j.molcata.2016.09.021 ↗
40. X. Li, J. Yu, M. Jaroniec, X. Chen, Cocatalysts for selective photoreduction of CO2 into solar fuels. Chem. Rev. 119, 3962 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b0040010.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00400 ↗
41. Z. Shayegan, C. Lee, F. Haghighat, TiO2 photocatalyst for removal of volatile organic compounds in gas phase—a review. Chem. Eng. J. 334, 2408 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.09.15310.1016/j.cej.2017.09.153 ↗
42. P. Parnicka, P. Mazierski, T. Grzyb, W. Lisowski, E. Kowalska, B. Ohtani, A. Zaleska-Medynska, J. Nadolna, Influence of the preparation method on the photocatalytic activity of Nd-modified TiO2. Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 9, 447 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.4310.3762/bjnano.9.43 ↗
43. J. Liang, J. Wang, K. Song, X. Wang, K. Yu, C. Liang, Enhanced photocatalytic activities of Nd-doped TiO2 under visible light using a facile sol–gel method. J. Rare Earth. 38, 148–156 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jre.2019.07.00810.1016/j.jre.2019.07.008 ↗
44. M. Yuan, J. Zhang, S. Yan, G. Luo, Q. Xu, X. Wang, C. Li, Effect of Nd2O3 addition on the surface phase of TiO2 and photocatalytic activity studied by UV Raman spectroscopy. J. Alloys Compd. 509, 6227–6235 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.03.01010.1016/j.jallcom.2011.03.010 ↗
45. D. Wojcieszak, M. Mazur, M. Kurnatowska, D. Kaczmarek, J. Domaradzki, L. Kepinski, K. Chojnacki, Influence of Nd-doping on photocatalytic properties of TiO2 nanoparticles and thin film coatings. Int. J. Photoenergy 2014, 463034 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/46303410.1155/2014/463034 ↗
46. H.A. Yurtsever, M. Çifçioğlu, The effect of powder preparation method on the artificial photosynthesis activities of neodymium doped titania powders. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 43(44), 20162–20175 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.08.18510.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.08.185 ↗
47. X. Ji, B. Kang, J. Deng, H. Huang, X. Wang, Thermal decomposition and evolved gas analysis of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet precursor prepared by co-precipitation. Thermochim. Acta 552, 23–27 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2012.11.02110.1016/j.tca.2012.11.021 ↗
48. F. Zhou, C. Yan, Q. Sun, S. Komarneni, TiO2/Sepiolite nanocomposites doped with rare earth ions: Preparation, characterization and visible light photocatalytic activity. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 274, 25–32 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2018.07.03110.1016/j.micromeso.2018.07.031 ↗
49. H. Dutta, P. Sahu, S.K. Pradhan, M. De, Microstructure characterization of polymorphic transformed ball-milled anatase TiO2 by Rietveld method. Mater. Chem. Phys. 77, 153–164 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-0584(01)00600-910.1016/S0254-0584(01)00600-9 ↗
50. S.K. Manik, H. Dutta, S.K. Pradhan, Microstructure characterization and phase transformation kinetics of polymorphic transformed ball milled a-TiO2–10 mol% m-ZrO2 mixture by Rietveld method. Mater. Chem. Phys. 82, 848–859 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2003.07.01410.1016/j.matchemphys.2003.07.014 ↗
51. S. Kim, H. Choi, S. Han, J.S. Park, M.H. Lee, T.K. Song, M.H. Kim, D. Do, W.J. Kim, A correlation between piezoelectric response and crystallographic structural parameter observed in lead-free (1–x)(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–xSrTiO3 piezoelectrics. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 37, 1379–1386 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2016.11.02310.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2016.11.023 ↗
52. S. Wang, L. Bai, X. Ao, Preparation and photocatalytic application of a S, Nd double doped nano-TiO2 photocatalyst. RSC Adv. 8, 36745 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ra06778c10.1039/c8ra06778c ↗
53. J. Li, S. Jia, G. Sui, L. Du, B. Li, Preparation of hollow Nd/TiO2 sub-microspheres with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity. RSC Adv. 7, 34857 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ra05228f10.1039/c7ra05228f ↗
54. N. Nithya, G. Bhoopathi, G. Magesh, C.D.N. Kumar, Neodymium doped TiO2 nanoparticles by sol–gel method for antibacterial and photocatalytic activity. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Proc. 83, 70–82 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2018.04.01110.1016/j.mssp.2018.04.011 ↗
55. N. Xiao, S. Li, S. Liu, B. Xu, Y. Li, Y. Gao, L. Ge, G. Lu, Novel PtPd alloy nanoparticle decorated g-C3N4 nanosheets with enhanced photocatalytic activity for H2 evolution under visible light irradiation. Chin. J. Catal. 40, 352 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2067(18)63180-810.1016/S1872-2067(18)63180-8 ↗
56. L.P. D’Souza, R. Shwetharani, V. Amoli, C.A.N. Fernando, A.K. Sinha, R.G. Balakrishna, Photoexcitation of neodymium doped TiO2 for improved performance in dye-sensitized solar cells. Mater. Des. 104, 346–354 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.05.00710.1016/j.matdes.2016.05.007 ↗
57. H. Liu, B. Shen, M. Xing, J. Zhang, B. Tian, Vacuum-activated Co2+ and Ti3+ co-modified TiO2 with stable and enhanced photocatalytic activity. Res. Chem. Intermed. 42, 3459–3471 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-015-2225-910.1007/s11164-015-2225-9 ↗
58. H. Shang, M. Li, H. Li, S. Huang, C. Mao, Z. Ai, L. Zhang, Oxygen vacancies promoted the selective photocatalytic removal of NO with blue TiO2 via simultaneous molecular oxygen activation and photogenerated hole annihilation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 53, 6444–6453 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b0732210.1021/acs.est.8b07322 ↗
59. G.L. Colpani, J.T. Zanetti, F. Cecchin, A. Dal’Toé, M.A. Fiori, R.F.P.M. Moreira, C. Soares, Carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin functionalization of TiO2 doped with lanthanum: characterization and enhancement of photocatalytic activity. Catal. Sci. Technol. 8, 2636–2647 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cy02115a10.1039/c7cy02115a ↗
60. L.P. D’Souza, S. Muralikrishna, H.R. Chandan, T. Ramakrishnappa, R.G. Balakrishna, Neodymium doped titania as photoanode and graphene oxide–CuS composite as counter electrode material in quantum dot solar cell. J. Mater. Res. 30, 3241 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2015.31410.1557/jmr.2015.314 ↗
61. Y. Xu, C. Chen, X. Yang, X. Li, B. Wang, Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic activity of the neodymium-doped TiO2 nanotubes. Appl. Surf. Sci. 255, 8624–8628 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.06.03610.1016/j.apsusc.2009.06.036 ↗
62. D.M. Tobaldi, L. Lajaunie, M.L. Haro, R.A.S. Ferreira, M. Leoni, M.P. Seabra, J.J. Calvino, L.D. Carlos, J.A. Labrincha, Synergy of neodymium and copper for fast and reversible visible-light promoted photochromism, and photocatalysis, in Cu/Nd-TiO2 nanoparticles. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2, 3237–3252 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.9b0008410.1021/acsaem.9b00084 ↗
63. S. Wang, Z. Wang, Y. Wang, C. Xia, E. Hong, L. Bai, T. Li, B. Wang, Study on the controlled synthesis and photocatalytic performance of rare earth Nd deposited on mesoporous TiO2 photocatalysts. Sci. Total Environ. 652, 85–92 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.15410.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.154 ↗
64. K. Singh, S. Harish, A.P. Kristy, V. Shivani, J. Archana, M. Navaneethan, M. Shimomura, Y. Hayakawa, Erbium doped TiO2 interconnected mesoporous spheres as an efficient visible light catalyst for photocatalytic applications. Appl. Surf. Sci. 449, 755–763 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.01.27910.1016/j.apsusc.2018.01.279 ↗
65. L. Bai, S. Wang, Z. Wang, E. Hong, Y. Wang, C. Xia, B. Wang, Kinetics and mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange in water by mesoporous Nd-TiO2-SBA-15 nanocatalyst. Environ. Pollut. 248, 516–525 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.05210.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.052 ↗
66. W. Guan, F. Ji, Z. Xie, R. Li, N. Mei, Preparation and photocatalytic performance of nano-TiO2 codoped with iron III and lanthanum III. J. Nanomater. 2015, 869821 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/86982110.1155/2015/869821 ↗
67. S. Yildirim, M. Yurddaska, T. Dikici, I. Aritman, K. Ertekin, E. Celik, Structural and luminescence properties of undoped, Nd3+ and Er3+ doped TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized by flame spray pyrolysis method. Ceram. Int. 42, 10579–10586 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.03.13110.1016/j.ceramint.2016.03.131 ↗
68. D. Sun, K. Wang, Z. Xu, R. Li, Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of sulfate modified Nd-doped TiO2 under visible light irradiation. J. Rare Earth. 33, 491–497 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/s1002-0721(14)60446-410.1016/s1002-0721(14)60446-4 ↗
69. K. Suhailath, M.T. Ramesan, Effect of neodymium-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the structural, mechanical, and electrical properties of poly(butyl methacrylate) nanocomposites. J. Vinyl Addit. Technol. 25(1), 9–18 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.2167310.1002/vnl.21673 ↗
70. J. Du, X. Gu, Q. Wu, J. Liu, H. Guo, J. Zou, Hydrophilic and photocatalytic activities of Nd-doped titanium dioxide thin films. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. 25, 260–2607 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(15)63881-x10.1016/s1003-6326(15)63881-x ↗
71. X. Shao, F. Pan, L. Zheng, R. Zhang, W. Zhang, Nd-doped TiO2-C hybrid aerogels and their photocatalytic properties. New Carbon Mater. 33(2), 116–124 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-5805(18)60329-410.1016/S1872-5805(18)60329-4 ↗
72. C.E. Barrios, E. Albiter, J.M.G. Jimenez, H. Tiznado, J. Romo-Herrera, R. Zanella, Photocatalytic hydrogen production over titania modified by gold—metal (palladium, nickel and cobalt) catalysts. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 48, 1–14 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.09.20610.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.09.206 ↗
73. D.A. Panayotov, J.R. Morris, Surface chemistry of Au/TiO2: Thermally and photolytically activated reactions. Surf. Sci. Rep. 71, 77–271 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2016.01.00210.1016/j.surfrep.2016.01.002 ↗
74. Y. Xie, C. Yuan, Photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical performance of crystallized titanium dioxide sol with neodymium ion modification. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 80, 954–963 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.127010.1002/jctb.1270 ↗
75. J.C. Arévalo-Pérez, D. Cruz-Romero, A. Cordero-García, C.E. Lobato-García, A. Aguilar-Elguezabal, J.G. Torres-Torres, Photodegradation of 17 α-methyltestosterone using TiO2-Gd3+ and TiO2-Sm3+ photocatalysts and simulated solar radiation as an activation source. Chemosphere 249, 126497 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.12649710.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126497 ↗
76. U. Alam, M. Fleisch, I. Kretschmer, D. Bahnemann, M. Muneer, One-step hydrothermal synthesis of Bi-TiO2 nanotube/graphene composites: an efficient photocatalyst for spectacular degradation of organic pollutants under visible light irradiation. Appl. Catal. B 218, 758 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.06.01610.1016/j.apcatb.2017.06.016 ↗
77. J. Hongquan, L. Yanduo, L. Jingshen, W. Haiyan, Synergetic effects of lanthanum, nitrogen and phosphorus tri-doping on visiblelight photoactivity of TiO2 fabricated by microwave-hydrothermal process. J. Rare Earth 34(6), 604 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0721(16)60068-610.1016/S1002-0721(16)60068-6 ↗
78. E.A. Konstantinova, V.Y. Gayvoronskiy, V.Y. Timoshenko, P.K. Kashkarov, Study of spin centers in nanocrystalline titanium dioxide with a high degree of photocatalytic activity. Semiconductors 44(8), 1059 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1134/S106378261008018X10.1134/S106378261008018X ↗
79. C.P. Kumar, N.O. Gopal, T.C. Wang, M.S. Wong, S.C. Ke, EPR investigation of TiO2 nanoparticles with temperature-dependent properties. J. Phys. Chem. B 110(11), 5223 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp057053t10.1021/jp057053t ↗
80. S. Silvestri, B. Szpoganicz, J. Schultz, A.S. Mangrich, D. Hotza, D.E. García, J.A. Labrincha, Doped and undoped anatase-based plates obtained from paper templates for photocatalytic oxidation of NOX. Ceram. Int. 42, 12074 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.04.13710.1016/j.ceramint.2016.04.137 ↗
81. P. Ghosh, V.R. Chelli, A.S. Giri, A.K. Golder, Steroid glycosides as potential analytes for Cu-doping on TiO2 for photocatalytic water treatment. Environ. Prog. Sustain. 37, 1901 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.1287910.1002/ep.12879 ↗
82. E. Plizingrová, M. Klementová, P. Bezdicka, J. Bohácek, Z. Barbieriková, D. Dvoranovác, M. Mazúr, J. Krysa, J. Subrt, V. Brezová, 2D-Titanium dioxide nanosheets modified with Nd, Ag and Au: preparation, characterization and photocatalytic activity. Catal. Today 281, 165 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2016.08.01310.1016/j.cattod.2016.08.013 ↗
83. E.A. Reyes-Garcia, Y. Sun, K.R. Reyes-Gil, D. Raftery, Solid-state NMR and EPR analysis of carbon-doped titanium dioxide photocatalysts (TiO2-xCx). Solid State Nucl. Magn. 35, 74 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssnmr.2009.02.00410.1016/j.ssnmr.2009.02.004 ↗
84. W. Fang, Y. Zhou, C. Dong, M. Xing, J. Zhang, Enhanced photocatalytic activities of vacuum activated TiO2 catalysts with Ti3+ and N co-doped. Catal. Today 266, 188 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2015.07.02710.1016/j.cattod.2015.07.027 ↗
85. W. Zhao, K. Zhang, L. Wu, Q. Wang, D. Shang, Q. Zhong, Ti3+ doped V2O5/TiO2 catalyst for efficient selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3. J. Colloid Interfaces Sci. 581, 76 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2020.07.13110.1016/j.jcis.2020.07.131 ↗
86. Z. Miao, G. Wang, X. Zhang, X. Dong, Oxygen vacancies modified TiO2/Ti3C2 derived from MXenes for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants: the crucial role of oxygen vacancy to Schottky junction. Appl. Surf. Sci. 528, 146929 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.14692910.1016/j.apsusc.2020.146929 ↗
87. H. Khan, I.K. Swati, Fe3+-doped anatase TiO2 with d−d transition, oxygen vacancies and Ti3+ centers: synthesis, characterization, UV–vis photocatalytic and mechanistic studies. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 55, 6619 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.6b0110410.1021/acs.iecr.6b01104 ↗
88. N. Nithyaa, V.N. Jaya, Structural, optical, and magnetic properties of Gd-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. J. Supercond. Nov. Magn. 31, 4117 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-018-4693-910.1007/s10948-018-4693-9 ↗
89. J. Thomas, S. Radhika, M. Yoon, Nd3+-doped TiO2 nanoparticles incorporated with heteropoly phosphotungstic acid: a novel solar photocatalyst for degradation of 4-chlorophenol in water. J. Mol. Catal. A Chem. 411, 146 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2015.10.02110.1016/j.molcata.2015.10.021 ↗
90. X. Li, J. Xie, C. Jiang, J. Yu, P. Zhang, Review on design and evaluation of environmental photocatalysts. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng. 12(5), 14 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-018-1076-110.1007/s11783-018-1076-1 ↗
91. A. Ponkshe, P. Thakur, Significant mineralization of beta blockers propranolol and atenolol by TiO2 induced photocatalysis. Mater. Today Proc. 18, 1162 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.06.57710.1016/j.matpr.2019.06.577 ↗
92. P. Calza, C. Gionco, M. Giletta, M. Kalaboka, V.A. Sakkas, T. Albanis, M.C. Paganini, Assessment of the abatement of acelsulfame K using cerium doped ZnO as photocatalyst. J. Hazard. Mater. 323, 471 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.09310.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.093 ↗
93. J. Reszczyńska, T. Grzyb, Z. Wei, M. Klein, E. Kowalska, B. Ohtani, A. Zaleska-Medynska, Photocatalytic activity and luminescence properties of RE3+–TiO2 nanocrystals prepared by sol–gel and hydrothermal methods. Appl. Catal. B 181, 825–837 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.09.00110.1016/j.apcatb.2015.09.001 ↗
94. Z. Wang, V. Srivastava, S. Wang, H. Sun, S.K. Thangaraj, J. Jänis, M. Sillanpää, UVC-assisted photocatalytic degradation of carbamazepine by Nd-doped Sb2O3/TiO2 photocatalyst. J. Colloid Interfaces Sci. 562, 461 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2019.11.09410.1016/j.jcis.2019.11.094 ↗
95. G.B. Vieira, G. Scaratti, F.S. Rodembusch, S.M. Amorim, M. Peterson, G.L. Puma, R.F.P.M. Moreira, Tuning the photoactivity of TiO2 nanoarchitectures doped with cerium or neodymium and application to colour removal from wastewaters. Environ. Technol. 42(7), 1038 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2019.165140210.1080/09593330.2019.1651402 ↗
96. L.R. Bergsten-Torralba, D.P. Magalhães, E.C. Giese, C.R.S. Nascimento, J.V.A. Pinho, D.F. Buss, Toxicity of three rare earth elements, and their combinations to algae, microcrustaceans, and fungi. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 20, 110795 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.11079510.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110795 ↗
97. K.A. Ali, A.Z. Abdullah, A.R. Mohamed, Visible light responsive TiO2 nanoparticles modified using Ce and La for photocatalytic reduction of CO2: effect of Ce dopant content. Appl. Catal. A Gen. 537, 111 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2017.03.02210.1016/j.apcata.2017.03.022 ↗
98. M. Tahir, La-modified TiO2/carbon nanotubes assembly nanocomposite for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from glycerol-water mixture. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy. 44(5), 3711 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.09510.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.095 ↗
99. J.S. Preston, P.M. Cole, A.C. Preez, M.H. Fox, A.M. Fleming, The recovery of rare earth oxides from a phosphoric acid by-product. Part 2: the preparation of high-purity cerium dioxide and recovery of a heavy rare earth oxide concentrate. Hydrometallurgy 41, 21–44 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-386X(95)00067-Q10.1016/0304-386X(95)00067-Q ↗
100. Z. Gao, H. Li, Tuning surface active oxygen of lanthanum oxide via partial dissolution and regrowth of crystallites. J. Nat. Gas Chem. 20, 483–486 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-9953(10)60222-810.1016/S1003-9953(10)60222-8 ↗