Digital laser transfer and stacking of hBN monolayer and graphene/hBN heterostructure

Abstract One of the key challenges in technological applications based on two-dimensional (2D) materials is to reliably and precisely transfer them onto target substrates with a digital, high resolution and high throughput method. In this regard, here we demonstrate the unique advantages that laser-induced transfer can offer as a solution for the simultaneous printing and patterning of individual hBN (hexagonal boron nitride) monolayers, as well as of graphene/hBN bilayers. By employing a single, precisely shaped laser pulse, we exert fine control over the shape, size, and stacking of the transferred pixels, enabling the fabrication of heterostructures. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy confirm the high structural quality and uniformity of the transferred materials, with minimal defects. Furthermore, ab initio molecular dynamics simulations corroborate the experimental findings, demonstrating the feasibility of transferring graphene/hBN heterostructures from the donor to the receiver substrate. Overall, this approach offers a single-step strategy for integrating 2D materials into electronic and optoelectronic devices, significantly reducing the complexity of the fabrication process.