Superhydrophobic, superoleophobic and underwater superoleophobic conducting polymer films

From a bioinspired approach, this review reports most of the techniques used in the literature to prepare superhydrophobic, superoleophobic and underwater superoleophobic films using conducting polymers. These techniques include the formation of conducting polymer nanostructures by oxidative chemical polymerization, chemical vapor deposition, plasma deposition and electrodeposition (pre- and post-approaches). Template and templateless electrode positions are also reported. Compared to other materials, conducting polymers have unique optoelectronic properties making them sensitive to various stimuli and have, for example, very interesting applications in optical devices, sensors and oil/water separation membranes.